Parakionoceras

Parakionoceras is an extinct nautiloid that lived during the Silurian and Devonian in what is now Europe; included in the orthoceratoid family Kionoceratidae in the Treatise part K, 1964 but removed to the Arionoceratidae in Kröger 2008.

Parakionoceras

via GBIF · CC BY-NC 4.0 · via GBIF. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
ArionoceratidaePBDB
Diet
carnivorePBDB, for Orthocerida
Life habit
nektonicPBDB, for Orthocerida
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Orthocerida
Vision
well-developedPBDB, for Cephalopoda
Environment
marinePBDB, for Orthocerida

Time the record covers

At least 22 million years on record.

The record covers at least 432.9 Mya to 410.62 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 438.6 Mya to 393.47 Mya.

Silurian — about 21 of 29 occurrencesSilurianDevonian — about 8 of 29 occurrencesDevonian440–438 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences438–436 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences436–435 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences435–433 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences433–432 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences432–430 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences430–429 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences429–427 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences427–425 Mya — about 1 occurrence425–424 Mya — about 1 occurrence424–422 Mya — about 3 occurrences422–421 Mya — about 8 occurrences421–419 Mya — about 6 occurrences419–418 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences418–416 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences416–414 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences414–413 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences413–411 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences411–410 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences410–408 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences408–407 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences407–405 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences405–404 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences404–402 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences402–400 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences400–399 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences399–397 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences397–396 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences396–394 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences394–393 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences432.9 Mya410.62 Mya439.5 Mya392.6 Mya

29 occurrences of Parakionoceras on record, most of them in the Silurian. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

29 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

5 formations

Pozary — 50.08°N, 14.47°EPozary — 49.93°N, 14.18°EPozary — 49.90°N, 14.02°EPozary — 50.00°N, 14.35°EPozary — 49.15°N, 13.57°EFluminimaggiore — 39.43°N, 8.50°EFluminimaggiore — 39.32°N, 8.53°EFluminimaggiore — 39.32°N, 8.65°EFluminimaggiore — 39.50°N, 8.50°EScyphocrinites Limestone — 30.95°N, 4.05°WXiushan — 28.00°N, 106.00°EPridoli — 50.02°N, 14.38°E

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The named rock units Parakionoceras has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 11 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Parakionoceras and its relatives

Silurian

Where Parakionoceras and its relatives were recorded in the Silurian.

Found in the same rock

236 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 24 sites for Parakionoceras, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

12 references

Each of the 29 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Parakionoceras

Source
GBIF
Credit
via GBIF
Licence
CC BY-NC 4.0
Commercial use
the licence does not allow it

No 3D scan of Parakionoceras was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itArionoceratidae through timeFormations of the SilurianThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Foerste 1928