Pinguipedidae

The sandperches are a family, Pinguipedidae, of ray-finned fishes in the percomorph order Labriformes. Sandperches are benthic fish which normally occur over sand or rubble substrates in shallow seas. They are found off the coasts of South America, South Africa and in the Indo-Pacific as far east as Japan. There are 65 species, a few of which are used by humans for food.

Pinguipedidae

Richard Ling · CC BY-SA 2.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
UranoscopiformesPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes

Time the record covers

At least 48 million years on record.

The record covers at least 48.9 Mya to 774 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 52 Mya to 11.7 ka.

Eocene — about 5 of 74 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 20 of 74 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 45 of 74 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 3 of 74 occurrencesPleistocene — about 1 of 74 occurrences53–51 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences51–50 Mya — about 1 occurrence50–48 Mya — about 1 occurrence48–46 Mya — about 1 occurrence46–44 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences44–42 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences28–27 Mya — about 3 occurrences27–25 Mya — about 8 occurrences25–23 Mya — about 10 occurrences23–21 Mya — about 9 occurrences21–19 Mya — about 6 occurrences19–18 Mya — about 10 occurrences18–16 Mya — about 13 occurrences16–14 Mya — about 4 occurrences14–12 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences12–11 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences11–8.8 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences8.8–7.1 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences7.1–5.3 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences5.3–3.5 Mya — about 3 occurrences1.8–0 Mya — about 1 occurrence48.9 Mya774 ka53 Mya0 Mya

74 occurrences of Pinguipedidae on record, most of them in the Miocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

74 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

20 formations

Mount Harris — 44.20°S, 170.71°EMount Harris — 44.48°S, 170.90°EMount Harris — 45.15°S, 170.93°EMount Harris — 45.13°S, 170.96°EMount Harris — 44.30°S, 170.99°EMount Harris — 44.49°S, 171.01°EMount Harris — 44.82°S, 170.88°ERifle Butts Siltstone — 45.14°S, 170.93°EOtekaike Limestone — 44.85°S, 170.52°EOtekaike Limestone — 44.66°S, 170.65°ESouthburn Sand — 44.30°S, 171.00°ESouthburn Sand — 44.37°S, 170.91°EWharekuri Greensand — 44.70°S, 170.43°ECalamity Point Sandstone — 46.03°S, 167.71°EGutingkeng — 23.00°N, 120.42°EGutingkeng — 22.84°N, 120.41°EFyansford — 38.23°S, 145.02°EKokoamu Greensand — 44.86°S, 170.54°ERifle Butts — 45.03°S, 170.02°EWaihao Greensand — 44.40°S, 171.04°EWaioha Shellbeds — 34.50°S, 172.96°EPakaurangi — 36.24°S, 174.28°EWaitoura Marl — 44.78°S, 170.57°EOtekaeike Limestone — 44.81°S, 170.53°ESlip Point Siltstone — 46.03°S, 167.71°EFouraye Siltstone — 46.03°S, 167.71°EDouble Corner Shellbed — 43.11°S, 172.78°EPuerto Madryn — 42.57°S, 64.28°WMiyata — 35.19°N, 39.65°E

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The named rock units Pinguipedidae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 30 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Pinguipedidae and its relatives

Miocene

Where Pinguipedidae and its relatives were recorded in the Miocene.

Found in the same rock

362 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 50 sites for Pinguipedidae, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

7 references

Each of the 74 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Pinguipedidae

Credit
Richard Ling
Licence
CC BY-SA 2.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Pinguipedidae was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itUranoscopiformes through timeFormations of the MioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0.