Probainognathia

Probainognathia is one of the two major subgroups of the clade Eucynodontia, the other being Cynognathia. The earliest forms were carnivorous and insectivorous, though some groups eventually also evolved herbivorous diets. The earliest and most basal probainognathian is the Middle Triassic (Anisian) aged Lumkuia, from South Africa, though probainognathians would not become prominent until the mid Norian stage of the Late Triassic. Three groups survived the extinction at the end of Triassic: Tritheledontidae and Tritylodontidae, which both survived until the Jurassic—the latter even into the Cretaceous —and Mammaliaformes, which includes the mammals. Members of the group show the loss of the parietal eye at the top of the skull and the closure of the corresponding hole in the skull roof.

Probainognathia

Ghedoghedo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
EucynodontiaPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Amniota

Time the record covers

At least 35 million years on record.

The record covers at least 241.464 Mya to 205.7 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 247 Mya to 72.2 Mya.

Early Triassic — about 0 of 48 occurrencesMiddle Triassic — about 17 of 48 occurrencesLate Triassic — about 29 of 48 occurrencesLate TriassicEarly Jurassic — about 0 of 48 occurrencesEarly JurassicMiddle Jurassic — about 0 of 48 occurrencesLate Jurassic — about 0 of 48 occurrencesLate JurassicEarly Cretaceous — about 1 of 48 occurrencesEarly CretaceousLate Cretaceous — about 0 of 48 occurrencesLate Cretaceous250–244 Mya — about 1 occurrence244–238 Mya — about 11 occurrences238–232 Mya — about 13 occurrences232–226 Mya — about 10 occurrences226–220 Mya — about 2 occurrences220–214 Mya — about 2 occurrences214–208 Mya — about 2 occurrences208–202 Mya — about 4 occurrences202–196 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences196–190 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences190–184 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences184–178 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences178–172 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences172–166 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences166–160 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences160–154 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences154–147 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences147–141 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences141–135 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences135–129 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences129–123 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences123–117 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences117–111 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences111–105 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences105–99 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences99–93 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences93–87 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences87–81 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences81–75 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences75–69 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences241.464 Mya205.7 Mya250 Mya69 Mya

48 occurrences of Probainognathia on record, most of them in the Late Triassic. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group, and the chart stops with its fossils rather than at the present. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

48 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

16 formations

Santa Maria — 29.70°S, 53.79°WSanta Maria — 29.67°S, 54.37°WSanta Maria — 29.74°S, 52.45°WSanta Maria — 29.72°S, 53.23°WSanta Maria — 29.80°S, 52.78°WSanta Maria — 29.63°S, 53.45°WSanta Maria — 29.62°S, 53.38°WChañares — 29.85°S, 67.78°WChañares — 29.85°S, 67.72°WChañares — 29.83°S, 67.82°WIschigualasto — 30.14°S, 67.88°WIschigualasto — 30.18°S, 68.04°WCandelária — 29.67°S, 53.23°WOmingonde — 21.09°S, 16.43°EExter — 48.56°N, 9.07°EExter — 51.57°N, 9.05°EBurgersdorp — 31.71°S, 27.24°EIsalo II — 22.17°S, 45.00°EManda Beds — 10.47°S, 34.78°ESables de Mortinsart — 49.71°N, 5.62°EMaleri — 19.22°N, 79.58°ECaturrita — 29.68°S, 52.84°WChañares — 29.72°S, 52.78°WGrès à Avicula contorta — 48.62°N, 6.33°ELos Colorados — 29.87°S, 68.08°WSanto Domingo — 28.50°S, 68.75°W

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The named rock units Probainognathia has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 4 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Probainognathia and its relatives

Late Triassic

Where Probainognathia and its relatives were recorded in the Late Triassic.

Found in the same rock

169 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 41 sites for Probainognathia, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

35 references

Each of the 48 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 23 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Probainognathia

Credit
Ghedoghedo
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Probainognathia was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itEucynodontia through timeFormations of the Late TriassicThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Hopson 1990