Rhinella

Rhinella, commonly known as South American toads, beaked toads or Rio Viejo toads, is a genus of true toads native to Neotropical parts of Mexico, Central and South America. Additionally, the cane toad has been Introduced to Australia, the Caribbean, the Philippines and elsewhere.

Rhinella

Uncredited · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
BufonidaePBDB
Diet
carnivorePBDB, for Temnospondyli
Life habit
amphibiousPBDB, for Temnospondyli
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Temnospondyli
Environment
brackish,freshwater,terrestrialPBDB, for Tetrapoda

Time the record covers

At least 11 million years on record.

The record covers at least 11.63 Mya to 129 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 13.82 Mya to 11.7 ka.

Miocene — about 2 of 13 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 10 of 13 occurrencesPliocenePleistocene — about 1 of 13 occurrencesPleistocene14–13 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences13–13 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences13–12 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences12–12 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences12–11 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences7.6–7.2 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences7.2–6.7 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences6.7–6.2 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences6.2–5.7 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences5.7–5.3 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences5.3–4.8 Mya — about 1 occurrence4.8–4.3 Mya — about 2 occurrences4.3–3.8 Mya — about 2 occurrences3.8–3.3 Mya — about 2 occurrences3.3–2.9 Mya — about 2 occurrences2.9–2.4 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences477 ka–0 Mya — about 1 occurrence11.63 Mya129 ka14.3 Mya0 Mya

13 occurrences of Rhinella on record, most of them in the Pliocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

13 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

7 formations

Monte Hermoso — 38.97°S, 61.70°WBrochero — 31.79°S, 65.02°WUquía — 23.24°S, 65.36°WIrene — 38.63°S, 60.61°WChapadmalal — 38.10°S, 57.55°WLaguna de Tagua Tagua — 34.50°S, 71.17°WCura-Mallin — 38.68°S, 71.18°W

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The named rock units Rhinella has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 1 occurrence has no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Rhinella and its relatives

Pliocene

Where Rhinella and its relatives were recorded in the Pliocene.

Found in the same rock

159 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 6 sites for Rhinella, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

9 references

Each of the 13 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content3

Picture of Rhinella

Credit
nobody named on the record
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

CT scan

Licence
In Copyright
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record
Specimen
Rhinella sp. · amnh:herpetology:14418

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Credit
dgred
Licence
CC Attribution
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itBufonidae through timeFormations of the PlioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Fitzinger 1826