Rhinella arenarum

Rhinella arenarum is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae that is found in southern Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina and Bolivia. Rhinella arenarum inhabits small ponds or bogs with stagnant water, in dry, temperate habitats, mostly in open areas. It is locally common. While it is collected for educational and scientific uses and also suffers from road kills, it in general is not threatened. Fossils representing this species are known with certainty from the late Pliocene to the Holocene of central Argentina.

Rhinella arenarum

José Grau de Puerto Montt ( talk ) Original uploader was José Grau de Puerto Montt at en.wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
RhinellaPBDB
Diet
carnivorePBDB, for Temnospondyli
Life habit
amphibiousPBDB, for Temnospondyli
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Temnospondyli
Environment
brackish,freshwater,terrestrialPBDB, for Tetrapoda

Time the record covers

At most 4.3 million years on record.

Every occurrence read is dated to somewhere between 7.246 Mya and 3 Mya, and nothing in the dating separates them, so that window is what the record shows rather than a span.

Miocene — about 1 of 3 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 2 of 3 occurrencesPliocenePleistocene — about 0 of 3 occurrences7.4–7.2 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences7.2–7.0 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences7.0–6.9 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences6.9–6.7 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences6.7–6.5 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences6.5–6.3 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences6.3–6.2 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences6.2–6.0 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences6.0–5.8 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences5.8–5.6 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences5.6–5.5 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences5.5–5.3 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences5.3–5.1 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences5.1–4.9 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences4.9–4.8 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences4.8–4.6 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences4.6–4.4 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences4.4–4.2 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences4.2–4.1 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences4.1–3.9 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences3.9–3.7 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences3.7–3.5 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences3.5–3.4 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences3.4–3.2 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences3.2–3.0 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences3.0–2.9 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences7.7 Mya2.5 Mya

3 occurrences of Rhinella arenarum on record, most of them in the Pliocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group, and the chart stops with its fossils rather than at the present. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

3 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

3 formations

Brochero — 31.79°S, 65.02°WIrene — 38.63°S, 60.61°WChapadmalal — 38.10°S, 57.55°W

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The named rock units Rhinella arenarum has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed.

Rhinella arenarum and its relatives

Pliocene

Where Rhinella arenarum and its relatives were recorded in the Pliocene.

Found in the same rock

10 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 3 sites for Rhinella arenarum, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

2 references

Each of the 3 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Rhinella arenarum

Credit
José Grau de Puerto Montt ( talk ) Original uploader was José Grau de Puerto Montt at en.wikipedia
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Rhinella arenarum was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itRhinella through timeFormations of the PlioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Hensel 1867