Hydnophora exesa

Hydnophora exesa, also called Horn coral or Spine coral, is a coral in the genus Hydnophora. It was described by Peter Simon Pallas in 1766.

Hydnophora exesa

NPS photo - Eva DiDonato. Identificado por Charles Birkeland · Public Domain · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
HydnophoraPBDB
Diet
microcarnivore, photosymbioticPBDB, for Scleractinia
Life habit
intermediate-level epifaunal, colonial, clonalPBDB, for Scleractinia
Motility
stationary, attachedPBDB, for Scleractinia
Vision
blindPBDB, for Anthozoa
Environment
marinePBDB, for Scleractinia

Time the record covers

At least 13 million years on record.

The record covers at least 13.82 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 15.98 Mya to 0 Mya.

Miocene — about 2 of 20 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 2 of 20 occurrencesPliocenePleistocene — about 12 of 20 occurrencesPleistocene16–16 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences16–15 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences15–15 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences15–14 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences14–14 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences7.7–7.1 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences7.1–6.6 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences6.6–6.0 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences6.0–5.5 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences5.5–4.9 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences4.9–4.4 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences4.4–3.8 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences3.8–3.3 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences3.3–2.7 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences2.7–2.2 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences2.2–1.6 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences1.6–1.1 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences1.1–549 ka Mya — about 1 occurrence549 ka–0 Mya — about 13 occurrences13.82 Mya11.7 ka16.5 Mya0 Mya

20 occurrences of Hydnophora exesa on record, most of them in the Pleistocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

20 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

6 formations

Riukiu Limestone — 28.33°N, 130.00°EEra Beds — 8.35°S, 146.28°ENuma — 34.97°N, 139.83°EYalam — 4.28°S, 151.83°ETokelau — 17.32°S, 178.99°WFarasan — 16.75°N, 42.00°E

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The named rock units Hydnophora exesa has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 14 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Hydnophora exesa and its relatives

Pleistocene

Where Hydnophora exesa and its relatives were recorded in the Pleistocene.

Found in the same rock

211 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 9 sites for Hydnophora exesa, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

13 references

Each of the 20 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 1 further reference is not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content2

Picture of Hydnophora exesa

Credit
NPS photo - Eva DiDonato. Identificado por Charles Birkeland
Licence
Public Domain
Commercial use
the licence allows it

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
Commercial use
the licence does not allow it

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itHydnophora through timeFormations of the PleistoceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. (Pallas 1766)