Pachycephalosauria

Pachycephalosauria

Uncredited · via Wikidata/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
MarginocephaliaPBDB
Diet
herbivorePBDB, for Ornithischia
Life habit
ground dwelling, gregariousPBDB, for Ornithischia
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Ornithischia
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Ornithischia

Time the record covers

At least 28 million years on record.

The record covers at least 100.5 Mya to 72.2 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 119.57 Mya to 66 Mya.

Early Cretaceous — about 1 of 176 occurrencesEarly CretaceousLate Cretaceous — about 175 of 176 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 0 of 176 occurrences121–119 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences119–117 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences117–115 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences115–113 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences113–111 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences111–109 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences109–108 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences108–106 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences106–104 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences104–102 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences102–100 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences100–98 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences98–96 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences96–95 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences95–93 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences93–91 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences91–89 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences89–87 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences87–85 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences85–84 Mya — about 3 occurrences84–82 Mya — about 17 occurrences82–80 Mya — about 17 occurrences80–78 Mya — about 17 occurrences78–76 Mya — about 17 occurrences76–74 Mya — about 17 occurrences74–72 Mya — about 17 occurrences72–71 Mya — about 20 occurrences71–69 Mya — about 20 occurrences69–67 Mya — about 20 occurrences67–65 Mya — about 8 occurrences100.5 Mya72.2 Mya121 Mya65 Mya

176 occurrences of Pachycephalosauria on record, most of them in the Late Cretaceous. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

176 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

29 formations

Hell Creek — 47.70°N, 106.23°WHell Creek — 47.80°N, 106.10°WHell Creek — 47.68°N, 106.43°WHell Creek — 47.88°N, 106.20°WHell Creek — 45.76°N, 104.95°WHell Creek — 46.35°N, 103.90°WHell Creek — 47.53°N, 106.92°WHell Creek — 45.85°N, 104.83°WHell Creek — 47.96°N, 106.46°WHell Creek — 47.60°N, 106.38°WHell Creek — 47.67°N, 106.27°WHell Creek — 45.87°N, 103.79°WHell Creek — 45.10°N, 102.09°WHell Creek — 47.66°N, 107.34°WHell Creek — 45.06°N, 103.45°WHell Creek — 47.61°N, 106.90°WHell Creek — 46.41°N, 103.50°WHell Creek — 45.77°N, 104.93°WHell Creek — 47.05°N, 107.35°WHell Creek — 45.68°N, 105.08°WHell Creek — 45.50°N, 103.10°WHell Creek — 45.64°N, 103.49°WHell Creek — 45.00°N, 103.19°WHell Creek — 47.68°N, 107.18°WDinosaur Park — 50.41°N, 110.29°WDinosaur Park — 50.40°N, 111.10°WDinosaur Park — 50.69°N, 111.62°WDinosaur Park — 50.82°N, 111.60°WDinosaur Park — 50.81°N, 111.33°WDinosaur Park — 50.75°N, 111.47°WDinosaur Park — 50.75°N, 111.50°WDinosaur Park — 50.12°N, 111.47°WOldman — 49.10°N, 110.94°WOldman — 49.08°N, 110.68°WOldman — 49.16°N, 110.72°WOldman — 50.75°N, 111.51°WOldman — 50.83°N, 111.32°WOldman — 50.73°N, 110.09°WOldman — 50.45°N, 111.12°WOldman — 49.07°N, 110.45°WJudith River — 47.81°N, 109.59°WJudith River — 48.93°N, 110.58°WJudith River — 47.78°N, 109.38°WJudith River — 48.97°N, 110.55°WJudith River — 48.97°N, 110.93°WJudith River — 48.98°N, 110.45°WJudith River — 46.46°N, 109.41°WJudith River — 46.40°N, 109.66°WJudith River — 46.24°N, 109.59°WLance — 43.35°N, 104.48°WLance — 45.67°N, 101.48°WLance — 43.12°N, 104.64°WLance — 43.15°N, 104.62°WLance — 43.44°N, 104.41°WLance — 43.38°N, 104.47°WLance — 45.10°N, 104.92°WLance — 43.49°N, 104.46°WNemegt — 43.49°N, 101.28°ENemegt — 43.82°N, 99.98°ENemegt — 43.48°N, 100.36°ENemegt — 43.50°N, 101.05°ENemegt — 43.85°N, 100.14°ENemegt — 43.87°N, 100.01°ENemegt — 43.51°N, 101.04°EAguja — 29.32°N, 103.52°WAguja — 29.20°N, 103.20°WAguja — 29.10°N, 103.17°WAguja — 29.25°N, 103.25°WAguja — 29.20°N, 103.04°WAguja — 29.23°N, 103.64°WForemost — 50.07°N, 111.14°WForemost — 49.13°N, 110.87°WForemost — 49.48°N, 111.37°WForemost — 49.83°N, 111.70°WForemost — 49.95°N, 111.42°WForemost — 49.60°N, 111.00°WFruitland — 36.49°N, 108.51°WFruitland — 36.29°N, 108.23°WFruitland — 36.28°N, 108.46°WFruitland — 36.12°N, 107.78°WKirtland — 36.34°N, 108.08°WKirtland — 36.49°N, 108.57°WKirtland — 36.27°N, 108.17°WKirtland — 36.29°N, 108.55°WKirtland — 36.10°N, 107.79°WTwo Medicine — 48.48°N, 112.70°WTwo Medicine — 48.94°N, 112.64°WTwo Medicine — 48.97°N, 112.64°WTwo Medicine — 48.48°N, 112.35°WFrenchman — 49.52°N, 108.82°WFrenchman — 49.34°N, 108.33°WFrenchman — 49.07°N, 106.58°WFerris — 41.80°N, 107.00°WFerris — 41.94°N, 106.88°WXiaoyan — 29.82°N, 118.34°EXiaoyan — 29.81°N, 118.03°EMilk River — 51.07°N, 112.65°WMilk River — 49.08°N, 111.44°WWapiti — 55.25°N, 118.51°WSan Carlos — 30.46°N, 104.71°WBaruungoyot — 43.50°N, 101.13°EBaruungoyot — 43.49°N, 99.83°EDenver — 39.84°N, 105.04°WUlansuhai — 41.43°N, 103.54°EJudith River — 49.10°N, 109.50°WPrince Creek — 69.92°N, 151.19°WBaynshire — 43.56°N, 107.91°EBearpaw Shale — 49.07°N, 110.45°W

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The named rock units Pachycephalosauria has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 5 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 18 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Pachycephalosauria and its relatives

Late Cretaceous

Where Pachycephalosauria and its relatives were recorded in the Late Cretaceous.

Found in the same rock

534 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 168 sites for Pachycephalosauria, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

75 references

Each of the 176 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 63 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Pachycephalosauria

Credit
nobody named on the record
Licence
not stated by the source
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

No 3D scan of Pachycephalosauria was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itMarginocephalia through timeFormations of the Late CretaceousThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. (Maryańska and Osmólska 1974)