Protocaudina

No picture of Protocaudina was found. Wikipedia, Wikidata and iDigBio were searched and had none. Smithsonian Open Access did not answer, so this is what the others held rather than everything there is. GBIF was asked, and what came back is not recorded: nothing, or a picture this site could not tie to Protocaudina, or no answer at all. This entry cannot say which.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
RotasacciidaePBDB
Diet
grazerPBDB, for Ophiocistioidea
Life habit
epifaunalPBDB, for Ophiocistioidea
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Ophiocistioidea
Vision
blindPBDB, for Ophiocistioidea
Environment
marinePBDB, for Ophiocistioidea

Time the record covers

At least 321 million years on record.

The record covers at least 393.47 Mya to 72.2 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 410.62 Mya to 66 Mya.

Devonian — about 4 of 19 occurrencesDevonianCarboniferous — about 9 of 19 occurrencesCarboniferousPermian — about 2 of 19 occurrencesPermianEarly Triassic — about 0 of 19 occurrencesMiddle Triassic — about 0 of 19 occurrencesLate Triassic — about 1 of 19 occurrencesLate TriassicEarly Jurassic — about 0 of 19 occurrencesMiddle Jurassic — about 0 of 19 occurrencesLate Jurassic — about 2 of 19 occurrencesEarly Cretaceous — about 0 of 19 occurrencesLate Cretaceous — about 1 of 19 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 0 of 19 occurrences418–406 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences406–394 Mya — about 1 occurrence394–382 Mya — about 2 occurrences370–358 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences358–346 Mya — about 5 occurrences346–334 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences334–322 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences322–310 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences310–298 Mya — about 1 occurrence274–262 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences262–250 Mya — about 2 occurrences238–226 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences226–214 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences214–202 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences167–155 Mya — about 2 occurrences83–71 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences71–59 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences393.47 Mya72.2 Mya418 Mya59 Mya

19 occurrences of Protocaudina on record, most of them in the Carboniferous. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

19 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

10 formations

Rockford Limestone — 38.48°N, 85.75°WRockford Limestone — 40.83°N, 87.25°WKowala — 50.82°N, 20.58°EKowala — 50.80°N, 20.47°ELodgepole limestone — 45.68°N, 111.03°WAllan Mountain limestone — 45.68°N, 111.03°WChouteau limestone — 38.85°N, 92.45°WCompton limestone — 37.70°N, 93.80°WWhite Chalk — 54.52°N, 13.63°ESevery Shale — 40.03°N, 96.03°WJulfa — 38.94°N, 45.58°EBell Canyon — 31.88°N, 104.80°W

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The named rock units Protocaudina has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 7 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Protocaudina and its relatives

Carboniferous

Where Protocaudina and its relatives were recorded in the Carboniferous.

Found in the same rock

458 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 16 sites for Protocaudina, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

12 references

Each of the 19 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content0

No picture of Protocaudina was found. Wikipedia, Wikidata and iDigBio were searched and had none.

Smithsonian Open Access did not answer, so this is what the others held rather than everything there is.

GBIF was asked, and what came back is not recorded: nothing, or a picture this site could not tie to Protocaudina, or no answer at all. This entry cannot say which.

No 3D scan of Protocaudina was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itRotasacciidae through timeFormations of the CarboniferousThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Croneis and McCormack 1932