Spirobolida

Spirobolida is an order of "round-backed" millipedes containing approximately 500 species in 12 families. Its members are distinguished by the presence of a "pronounced suture that runs "vertically down the front of the head". Most of the species live in the tropics, and many are brightly coloured. Mature males have two pairs of modified legs, the gonopods, consisting of the eighth and ninth leg pairs: the posterior gonopods are used in sperm-transfer while the anterior gonopods are fused into a single plate-like structure.

Spirobolida

Randal J. (RJFerret) · CC BY-SA 2.5 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
JuliformiaPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Arthropoda

Time the record covers

At least 300 million years on record.

The record covers at least 300.9 Mya to 129 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 301.4 Mya to 11.7 ka.

Carboniferous — about 2 of 9 occurrencesPermian — about 1 of 9 occurrencesPermianEarly Triassic — about 0 of 9 occurrencesMiddle Triassic — about 0 of 9 occurrencesLate Triassic — about 0 of 9 occurrencesEarly Jurassic — about 0 of 9 occurrencesMiddle Jurassic — about 0 of 9 occurrencesLate Jurassic — about 0 of 9 occurrencesEarly Cretaceous — about 0 of 9 occurrencesLate Cretaceous — about 3 of 9 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 0 of 9 occurrencesEocene — about 0 of 9 occurrencesOligocene — about 0 of 9 occurrencesMiocene — about 1 of 9 occurrencesPliocene — about 0 of 9 occurrencesPleistocene — about 2 of 9 occurrences307–297 Mya — about 2 occurrences297–287 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences92–82 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences82–72 Mya — about 3 occurrences31–20 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences20–10 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences10–0 Mya — about 2 occurrences300.9 Mya129 ka307 Mya0 Mya

9 occurrences of Spirobolida on record, most of them in the Late Cretaceous. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

9 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

4 formations

Baruungoyot — 43.49°N, 101.13°EBaruungoyot — 43.32°N, 99.83°ESlaný — 50.21°N, 13.68°ESlany — 50.23°N, 14.07°EBursum — 34.84°N, 106.91°W

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The named rock units Spirobolida has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 3 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Spirobolida and its relatives

Late Cretaceous

Where Spirobolida and its relatives were recorded in the Late Cretaceous.

Found in the same rock

153 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 9 sites for Spirobolida, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

7 references

Each of the 9 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Spirobolida

Credit
Randal J. (RJFerret)
Licence
CC BY-SA 2.5
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan was found. Smithsonian Open Access, MorphoSource and Sketchfab were all searched.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itJuliformia through timeFormations of the Late CretaceousThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. (Cook 1895)