Acanthodes

Acanthodes is an extinct genus of acanthodian fish. Species have been found in Europe, North America, and Asia, spanning the Early Carboniferous to the Early Permian, making it one of the youngest known acanthodian genera.

Acanthodes

SeismicShrimp · CC BY 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
AcanthodidaePBDB
Diet
carnivorePBDB, for Acanthodii
Life habit
nektonicPBDB, for Acanthodii
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Acanthodii

Time the record covers

At least 105 million years on record.

The record covers at least 399.5 Mya to 293.52 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 410.62 Mya to 251.902 Mya.

Devonian — about 28 of 81 occurrencesDevonianCarboniferous — about 31 of 81 occurrencesCarboniferousPermian — about 22 of 81 occurrencesPermianEarly Triassic — about 0 of 81 occurrences414–408 Mya — about 1 occurrence408–403 Mya — about 3 occurrences403–397 Mya — about 4 occurrences397–392 Mya — about 4 occurrences392–386 Mya — about 2 occurrences386–381 Mya — about 7 occurrences381–375 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences375–370 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences370–364 Mya — about 2 occurrences364–359 Mya — about 3 occurrences359–353 Mya — about 1 occurrence353–348 Mya — about 1 occurrence348–342 Mya — about 1 occurrence342–337 Mya — about 5 occurrences337–331 Mya — about 2 occurrences331–326 Mya — about 2 occurrences326–320 Mya — about 2 occurrences320–315 Mya — about 5 occurrences315–309 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences309–304 Mya — about 3 occurrences304–298 Mya — about 10 occurrences298–293 Mya — about 15 occurrences293–287 Mya — about 4 occurrences287–282 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences282–276 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences276–271 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences271–265 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences265–260 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences260–254 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences254–249 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences399.5 Mya293.52 Mya414 Mya249 Mya

81 occurrences of Acanthodes on record, most of them in the Carboniferous. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

81 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

33 formations

Wild Cow — 34.95°N, 106.30°WVrchlabi — 50.57°N, 15.39°EVrchlabi — 50.62°N, 15.60°EGullane — 55.98°N, 3.21°WPennine Lower Coal Measures — 53.13°N, 3.09°WPennine Lower Coal Measures — 53.11°N, 3.03°WPennine Lower Coal Measures — 53.21°N, 3.04°WPennine Lower Coal Measures — 53.17°N, 3.09°WBurtnieki — 58.10°N, 25.55°ESalairka Horizon — 54.28°N, 85.93°EVrchlabí — 50.63°N, 15.61°EVrchlabí — 50.62°N, 15.37°EMeisenheim — 49.41°N, 7.78°EMeisenheim — 49.41°N, 6.91°EWreford Limestone — 39.05°N, 96.75°WWreford Limestone — 37.86°N, 96.58°WHeath — 46.97°N, 109.04°WHeath — 46.95°N, 108.96°WBelovo Horizon — 54.28°N, 85.93°EShanda Horizon — 54.28°N, 85.93°EQianheishan — 36.56°N, 104.68°EGlencartholm Volcanic Beds — 55.20°N, 3.07°WBern Limestone — 39.82°N, 95.41°WLaborcita — 33.08°N, 106.08°WRenière — 46.64°N, 3.04°EGarber Sandstone — 34.53°N, 98.89°WKovanshchina — 54.13°N, 36.56°EKhovanshchina — 53.55°N, 38.85°EGauja — 58.01°N, 25.38°EDankov-Lebedyan Beds — 52.97°N, 36.07°ERēzekne — 56.51°N, 27.33°EPathhead — 56.20°N, 2.79°W

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The named rock units Acanthodes has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 9 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 14 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Acanthodes and its relatives

Carboniferous

Where Acanthodes and its relatives were recorded in the Carboniferous.

Found in the same rock

624 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 69 sites for Acanthodes, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

34 references

Each of the 81 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 22 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content3

Picture of Acanthodes

Credit
SeismicShrimp
Licence
CC BY 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

CT scan

Licence
not stated by the source
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record
Specimen
Acanthodes sp. · MNHN:F:SAA24a

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Credit
AVZ
Licence
CC Attribution
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itAcanthodidae through timeFormations of the CarboniferousThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Agassiz 1833