Bovinae

Bovines comprise a diverse group of 10 genera of medium to large-sized ungulates, including cattle, bison, African buffalo, water buffalos, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes. The members of this group of bovids are classified into loose tribes rather than formal subgroups, as the evolutionary relationships within the groups are still uncertain. General characteristics include cloven hooves and usually at least one of the sexes of a species having true horns. The largest extant bovine is the gaur.

Bovinae

Benh LIEU SONG from Torcy, France · CC BY-SA 2.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
BovidaePBDB
Diet
grazer, browserPBDB, for Bovidae
Life habit
ground dwellingPBDB, for Bovidae
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Artiodactyla

Time the record covers

At least 15 million years on record.

The record covers at least 15.98 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 23.04 Mya to 0 Mya.

Oligocene — about 0 of 1773 occurrencesMiocene — about 220 of 1773 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 219 of 1773 occurrencesPliocenePleistocene — about 1194 of 1773 occurrencesPleistocene24–23 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences23–22 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences22–21 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences21–20 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences20–20 Mya — about 2 occurrences20–19 Mya — about 3 occurrences19–18 Mya — about 3 occurrences18–17 Mya — about 3 occurrences17–16 Mya — about 3 occurrences16–16 Mya — about 5 occurrences16–15 Mya — about 6 occurrences15–14 Mya — about 6 occurrences14–13 Mya — about 10 occurrences13–13 Mya — about 12 occurrences13–12 Mya — about 13 occurrences12–11 Mya — about 14 occurrences11–10 Mya — about 13 occurrences10–9.4 Mya — about 13 occurrences9.4–8.6 Mya — about 16 occurrences8.6–7.8 Mya — about 22 occurrences7.8–7.1 Mya — about 21 occurrences7.1–6.3 Mya — about 24 occurrences6.3–5.5 Mya — about 24 occurrences5.5–4.7 Mya — about 39 occurrences4.7–3.9 Mya — about 40 occurrences3.9–3.1 Mya — about 75 occurrences3.1–2.4 Mya — about 172 occurrences2.4–1.6 Mya — about 327 occurrences1.6–785 ka Mya — about 272 occurrences785 ka–0 Mya — about 633 occurrences15.98 Mya11.7 ka23.5 Mya0 Mya

1,773 occurrences of Bovinae on record, most of them in the Pleistocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

1,773 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

145 formations

Koobi Fora — 4.31°N, 36.27°EKoobi Fora — 4.24°N, 36.28°EKoobi Fora — 4.06°N, 36.33°EKoobi Fora — 4.29°N, 36.23°EKoobi Fora — 3.78°N, 36.33°EKoobi Fora — 3.77°N, 36.39°EKoobi Fora — 3.90°N, 36.24°EKoobi Fora — 3.98°N, 36.32°EKoobi Fora — 3.86°N, 36.26°EKoobi Fora — 4.07°N, 36.37°EKoobi Fora — 3.87°N, 36.37°EKoobi Fora — 4.22°N, 36.43°EKoobi Fora — 3.95°N, 36.42°EKoobi Fora — 3.73°N, 36.43°EKoobi Fora — 3.70°N, 36.32°EKoobi Fora — 3.57°N, 36.33°EKoobi Fora — 4.28°N, 36.38°EKoobi Fora — 3.59°N, 36.24°EShungura — 5.09°N, 36.02°EShungura — 5.02°N, 36.04°EShungura — 5.09°N, 36.06°ENachukui — 4.25°N, 35.79°ENachukui — 4.15°N, 35.74°ENachukui — 4.23°N, 35.81°ENachukui — 4.05°N, 35.73°ENachukui — 3.08°N, 35.83°ENachukui — 3.87°N, 35.72°ENachukui — 3.93°N, 35.76°ENachukui — 4.53°N, 35.75°ENachukui — 4.11°N, 35.73°ENachukui — 4.41°N, 35.83°ENachukui — 4.53°N, 35.92°ENachukui — 3.68°N, 35.75°ENachukui — 4.10°N, 35.77°ENachukui — 2.90°N, 36.05°EOlduvai — 2.97°S, 35.32°EOlduvai — 2.98°S, 34.32°EOlduvai — 2.99°S, 35.42°EVogel River Series — 3.22°S, 35.01°EVogel River Series — 3.25°S, 35.20°EVogel River Series — 3.01°S, 35.20°EVogel River Series — 3.25°S, 35.20°EVogel River Series — 3.23°S, 36.19°EVogel River Series — 3.13°S, 35.13°EHumbu — 2.33°S, 35.97°ENgorora — 0.90°N, 35.85°EVarswater — 32.98°S, 18.15°EVarswater — 33.67°S, 18.43°ESwartkrans — 26.02°S, 27.72°EWehaietu — 10.73°N, 40.42°EWehaietu — 10.90°N, 40.47°EWehaietu — 10.72°N, 40.50°EWehaietu — 10.32°N, 40.55°EWehaietu — 10.63°N, 40.54°ESagantole — 10.62°N, 40.58°ESagantole — 10.47°N, 40.50°ESagantole — 10.50°N, 40.58°ESagantole — 10.45°N, 40.45°EAdu-Asa — 10.32°N, 40.25°EAdu-Asa — 10.37°N, 40.23°EAdu-Asa — 10.43°N, 40.42°EChemoigut — 0.65°N, 36.20°EChiwondo — 10.17°S, 34.00°EChiwondo — 9.83°S, 34.83°EChiwondo — 10.33°S, 34.17°EChiwondo — 10.00°S, 33.92°EChiwondo — 10.05°S, 33.96°EGebel Silsila-YCS — 24.50°N, 33.00°EOlorgesailie — 1.57°S, 36.44°EHadar — 11.13°N, 40.58°ENawata and Nachukui — 2.88°N, 36.07°ENawata and Nachukui — 2.90°N, 36.05°EGabal Silsila — 24.77°N, 32.95°EGabal Silsila — 24.43°N, 32.95°ECromer Forest Bed — 52.46°N, 1.73°ECromer Forest Bed — 52.94°N, 1.25°ECromer Forest Bed — 52.88°N, 1.44°ECromer Forest Bed — 52.92°N, 1.34°EPalos Verdes Sand — 34.00°N, 118.20°WPalos Verdes Sand — 33.60°N, 117.80°WPalos Verdes Sand — 33.66°N, 117.90°WPalos Verdes Sand — 33.62°N, 117.93°WNawata — 2.90°N, 36.05°EMakapansgat — 24.20°S, 28.95°EMytilinii — 37.75°N, 26.89°EMytilinii — 37.74°N, 26.89°E

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The named rock units Bovinae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 121 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 925 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Bovinae and its relatives

Pleistocene

Where Bovinae and its relatives were recorded in the Pleistocene.

Found in the same rock

1,514 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 1,178 sites for Bovinae, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

626 references

Each of the 1,773 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 614 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Bovinae

Credit
Benh LIEU SONG from Torcy, France
Licence
CC BY-SA 2.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Bovinae was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itBovidae through timeFormations of the PleistoceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Gray 1821