Brotula

Brotula, also known as bearded cusk-eels, is a genus of ophidiiform fish. It is the only genus in the family Brotulidae, formerly considered a subfamily of Ophidiidae.

Brotula

Uncredited · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
OphidiiformesPBDB
Diet
carnivore, parasitePBDB, for Ophidiiformes
Life habit
nektobenthicPBDB, for Ophidiiformes
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Ophidiiformes

Time the record covers

At least 35 million years on record.

The record covers at least 41.03 Mya to 5.333 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 48.07 Mya to 2.58 Mya.

Eocene — about 2 of 8 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 1 of 8 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 2 of 8 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 3 of 8 occurrencesPleistocene — about 0 of 8 occurrences49–47 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences47–46 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences46–44 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences44–43 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences43–41 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences41–40 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences38–36 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences36–35 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences35–33 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences33–32 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences32–30 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences30–28 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences28–27 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences21–19 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences19–17 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences17–16 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences13–11 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences11–9.6 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences9.6–8.0 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences8.0–6.4 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences6.4–4.8 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences4.8–3.2 Mya — about 2 occurrences3.2–1.7 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences41.03 Mya5.333 Mya49 Mya1.7 Mya

8 occurrences of Brotula on record. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group, and the chart stops with its fossils rather than at the present. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

8 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

5 formations

Yorktown — 35.36°N, 76.82°WOnzole — 0.87°N, 79.89°WGatun — 9.33°N, 79.89°WBowden — 17.88°N, 76.28°WMenilitic — 48.99°N, 16.75°E

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The named rock units Brotula has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 3 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Found in the same rock

668 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 6 sites for Brotula, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

8 references

Each of the 8 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Brotula

Credit
nobody named on the record
Licence
not stated by the source
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

No 3D scan of Brotula was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itOphidiiformes through timeThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0.