Cepola

Cepola is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the bandfish family, Cepolidae. The name red bandfish is applied to all members of this genus, but particularly C. macrophthalma, and generally not C. australis, which is also known as the Australian bandfish.

Cepola

Uncredited · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
CepolidaePBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes

Time the record covers

At least 40 million years on record.

The record covers at least 41.03 Mya to 340 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 56 Mya to 0 Mya.

Paleocene — about 0 of 59 occurrencesEocene — about 11 of 59 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 3 of 59 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 27 of 59 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 5 of 59 occurrencesPleistocene — about 13 of 59 occurrences57–55 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences55–53 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences53–51 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences51–50 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences50–48 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences48–46 Mya — about 2 occurrences46–44 Mya — about 2 occurrences44–42 Mya — about 2 occurrences42–40 Mya — about 1 occurrence40–38 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences38–36 Mya — about 1 occurrence36–34 Mya — about 1 occurrence34–32 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences32–30 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences30–29 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences29–27 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences27–25 Mya — about 1 occurrence25–23 Mya — about 1 occurrence23–21 Mya — about 1 occurrence21–19 Mya — about 2 occurrences19–17 Mya — about 3 occurrences17–15 Mya — about 4 occurrences15–13 Mya — about 3 occurrences13–11 Mya — about 3 occurrences11–9.5 Mya — about 2 occurrences9.5–7.6 Mya — about 2 occurrences7.6–5.7 Mya — about 4 occurrences5.7–3.8 Mya — about 4 occurrences3.8–1.9 Mya — about 5 occurrences1.9–0 Mya — about 10 occurrences41.03 Mya340 ka57 Mya0 Mya

59 occurrences of Cepola on record, most of them in the Miocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

59 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

15 formations

Miretrain Marl — 43.56°N, 1.11°WLindos Bay — 36.09°N, 28.01°ELindos Bay — 36.26°N, 28.17°ELindos Bay — 36.36°N, 28.21°EHrušky — 48.81°N, 16.63°ECalcaire Grossier — 49.31°N, 2.25°ERaz-el-Ain — 35.71°N, 0.64°WLa Meseta — 64.23°S, 56.65°WEger — 47.90°N, 20.40°EDonzacq Marl — 43.75°N, 0.84°WWaioha Shellbeds — 34.50°S, 172.96°ESlip Point Siltstone — 46.03°S, 167.71°ECalamity Point Sandstone — 46.03°S, 167.71°EMandrové — 1.09°S, 8.94°ESant’Agata Fossili — 45.07°N, 7.94°ELiuchungchi — 23.44°N, 120.59°EMiyata — 35.19°N, 39.65°E

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The named rock units Cepola has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 35 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Cepola and its relatives

Miocene

Where Cepola and its relatives were recorded in the Miocene.

Found in the same rock

1,100 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 54 sites for Cepola, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

31 references

Each of the 59 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 19 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Cepola

Credit
nobody named on the record
Licence
not stated by the source
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

No 3D scan of Cepola was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itCepolidae through timeFormations of the MioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Linnaeus 1764