Arnoglossus

The scaldfishes comprise a genus, Arnoglossus, of lefteye flounders. They are found in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, including the Mediterranean and Black Sea. They are entirely absent from most of the Americas; the only exceptions are A. coeruleosticta and A. multirastris found off Chile. The genus include both species found in shallow and deeper water. The largest species reaches 28 cm (11 in).

Arnoglossus

Hans Hillewaert · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
BothidaePBDB
Diet
carnivorePBDB, for Pleuronectiformes
Life habit
nektobenthicPBDB, for Pleuronectiformes
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Pleuronectiformes

Time the record covers

At least 34 million years on record.

The record covers at least 36.7 Mya to 1.8 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 39.1 Mya to 129 ka.

Eocene — about 1 of 88 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 11 of 88 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 53 of 88 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 16 of 88 occurrencesPleistocene — about 7 of 88 occurrences40–39 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences39–37 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences37–36 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences35–33 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences33–32 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences32–31 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences31–29 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences29–28 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences28–27 Mya — about 2 occurrences27–25 Mya — about 3 occurrences25–24 Mya — about 3 occurrences24–23 Mya — about 3 occurrences23–21 Mya — about 3 occurrences21–20 Mya — about 1 occurrence20–19 Mya — about 2 occurrences19–17 Mya — about 7 occurrences17–16 Mya — about 7 occurrences16–15 Mya — about 4 occurrences15–13 Mya — about 3 occurrences13–12 Mya — about 6 occurrences12–11 Mya — about 4 occurrences11–9.3 Mya — about 2 occurrences9.3–8.0 Mya — about 2 occurrences8.0–6.6 Mya — about 5 occurrences6.6–5.3 Mya — about 9 occurrences5.3–4.0 Mya — about 9 occurrences4.0–2.7 Mya — about 6 occurrences2.7–1.3 Mya — about 6 occurrences1.3–0 Mya — about 2 occurrences36.7 Mya1.8 Mya39.9 Mya0 Mya

88 occurrences of Arnoglossus on record, most of them in the Miocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group, and the chart stops with its fossils rather than at the present. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

88 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

20 formations

Mount Harris — 44.20°S, 170.71°EMount Harris — 44.48°S, 170.90°EMount Harris — 44.30°S, 170.99°ESouthburn Sand — 44.30°S, 171.00°ESouthburn Sand — 44.37°S, 170.91°ELindos Bay — 36.26°N, 28.17°ELindos Bay — 36.36°N, 28.21°ERifle Butts — 45.03°S, 170.02°EOtekaike Limestone — 44.85°S, 170.52°EGutingkeng — 22.84°N, 120.41°EOosterhout — 51.70°N, 5.73°ERaz-el-Ain — 35.71°N, 0.64°WMakrilia — 35.04°N, 25.76°EAbad — 37.09°N, 2.08°WWaihao Greensand — 44.80°S, 170.98°ESlip Point Siltstone — 46.03°S, 167.71°ECalamity Point Sandstone — 46.03°S, 167.71°EFouraye Siltstone — 46.03°S, 167.71°EChatton — 46.11°S, 168.80°EDouble Corner Shellbed — 43.11°S, 172.78°ERifle Butts Siltstone — 45.06°S, 170.95°EHrušky — 48.81°N, 16.63°ESant’Agata Fossili — 45.07°N, 7.94°ERed Bluff Clay — 31.65°N, 87.71°W

Loading coastlines…

The named rock units Arnoglossus has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 60 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Arnoglossus and its relatives

Miocene

Where Arnoglossus and its relatives were recorded in the Miocene.

Found in the same rock

1,098 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 72 sites for Arnoglossus, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

32 references

Each of the 88 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 20 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Arnoglossus

Credit
Hans Hillewaert
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Arnoglossus was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itBothidae through timeFormations of the MioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Bleeker 1862