Ischyodus

Ischyodus is an extinct genus of chimaera. It is the most diverse and long-lived chimaera genus, with over 39 species found worldwide spanning over 140 million years from the Middle Jurassic to the Miocene. Almost all species are only known from tooth plates, with the exception of the Jurassic species I. quenstedti. Complete specimens of I. quenstedti from the Late Jurassic of Germany most closely resemble the genus Callorhinchus amongst living chimaera genera. It is sometimes placed in the "Edaphodontidae", a unclearly defined group of chimaera with an uncertain position within the clade, while other authors place it into Callorhinchidae along with Callorhinchus, a position that has been supported by at least some phylogenetic analyses. It is suggested therefore to probably have had a similar ecology to living Callorhinchus.

Ischyodus

Ghedoghedo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
CallorhynchidaePBDB
Diet
carnivorePBDB, for Chimaeriformes
Life habit
nektobenthicPBDB, for Chimaeriformes
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Chimaeriformes

Time the record covers

At least 159 million years on record.

The record covers at least 165.3 Mya to 5.333 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 168.2 Mya to 3.6 Mya.

Middle Jurassic — about 5 of 94 occurrencesLate Jurassic — about 8 of 94 occurrencesLate JurassicEarly Cretaceous — about 5 of 94 occurrencesEarly CretaceousLate Cretaceous — about 47 of 94 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 11 of 94 occurrencesEocene — about 13 of 94 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 0 of 94 occurrencesMiocene — about 3 of 94 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 2 of 94 occurrencesPleistocene — about 0 of 94 occurrences171–166 Mya — about 4 occurrences166–160 Mya — about 1 occurrence160–154 Mya — about 1 occurrence154–149 Mya — about 4 occurrences149–143 Mya — about 2 occurrences143–137 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences137–132 Mya — about 1 occurrence132–126 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences126–120 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences120–114 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences114–109 Mya — about 2 occurrences109–103 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences103–97 Mya — about 1 occurrence97–92 Mya — about 2 occurrences92–86 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences86–80 Mya — about 8 occurrences80–74 Mya — about 11 occurrences74–69 Mya — about 16 occurrences69–63 Mya — about 15 occurrences63–57 Mya — about 4 occurrences57–52 Mya — about 3 occurrences52–46 Mya — about 1 occurrence46–40 Mya — about 2 occurrences40–35 Mya — about 8 occurrences35–29 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences23–17 Mya — about 2 occurrences17–12 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences12–6.0 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences6.0–308 ka Mya — about 2 occurrences165.3 Mya5.333 Mya171 Mya308 ka

94 occurrences of Ischyodus on record, most of them in the Late Cretaceous. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

94 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

45 formations

Hell Creek — 46.90°N, 101.50°WHell Creek — 46.51°N, 100.65°WHell Creek — 46.61°N, 100.64°WHell Creek — 46.59°N, 100.76°WHell Creek — 46.50°N, 100.39°WLa Meseta — 64.24°S, 56.65°WLa Meseta — 64.24°S, 56.66°WLa Meseta — 64.25°S, 56.69°WFox Hills — 46.42°N, 100.74°WFox Hills — 46.27°N, 100.51°WFox Hills — 45.21°N, 101.66°WFox Hills — 46.47°N, 99.58°WHornerstown — 39.76°N, 75.13°WHornerstown — 40.10°N, 73.00°WMount Laurel — 40.26°N, 74.27°WMount Laurel — 40.38°N, 74.21°WJudith River — 48.03°N, 109.01°WJudith River — 48.01°N, 108.91°WJudith River — 47.74°N, 108.96°WClayton — 37.18°N, 89.07°WClayton — 33.50°N, 88.79°WClayton — 32.15°N, 87.29°WRybushka — 51.24°N, 44.99°ERybushka — 51.35°N, 45.04°ERybushka — 51.23°N, 45.10°ENavesink — 40.35°N, 74.17°WNavesink — 40.38°N, 74.21°WMarshalltown — 40.30°N, 74.30°WMarshalltown — 39.55°N, 75.65°WSot de Chera — 40.34°N, 1.61°WSot de Chera — 41.00°N, 0.05°WKimmeridge Clay — 50.63°N, 2.34°WKimmeridge Clay — 51.75°N, 1.18°WGrange Burn — 37.73°S, 141.94°EBlack Rock Sandstone — 37.99°S, 145.04°EFossil Bluff Sandstone — 40.98°S, 145.73°ETar Heel — 34.57°N, 78.50°WColeraine — 47.42°N, 93.08°WWhaler's Bluff — 38.36°S, 141.60°EWilliamsburg — 33.43°N, 80.10°WLoreto — 53.14°S, 71.06°WOxford Clay — 51.75°N, 1.18°WMelovatka — 50.88°N, 44.74°ELower Aquia — 38.91°N, 76.85°WNew Egypt — 39.80°N, 75.09°W

Loading coastlines…

The named rock units Ischyodus has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 21 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 13 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Ischyodus and its relatives

Late Cretaceous

Where Ischyodus and its relatives were recorded in the Late Cretaceous.

Found in the same rock

978 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 88 sites for Ischyodus, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

59 references

Each of the 94 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 47 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Ischyodus

Credit
Ghedoghedo
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan was found. Smithsonian Open Access, MorphoSource and Sketchfab were all searched.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itCallorhynchidae through timeFormations of the Late CretaceousThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Egerton 1843