Lindera

Lindera is a genus of about 80–100 species of flowering plants in the family Lauraceae, mostly native to eastern Asia but with three species in eastern North America. The species are shrubs and small trees; common names include spicewood, spicebush, and Benjamin bush.

Lindera

Uncredited · Public Domain · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
LauraceaePBDB
Diet
"photoautotroph"PBDB, for Angiospermae

Time the record covers

At least 55 million years on record.

The record covers at least 56 Mya to 774 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 66 Mya to 129 ka.

Late Cretaceous — about 0 of 45 occurrencesPaleocene — about 10 of 45 occurrencesPaleoceneEocene — about 11 of 45 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 1 of 45 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 18 of 45 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 2 of 45 occurrencesPleistocene — about 3 of 45 occurrences67–65 Mya — about 1.0 occurrences65–63 Mya — about 2 occurrences63–61 Mya — about 2 occurrences61–58 Mya — about 2 occurrences58–56 Mya — about 2 occurrences56–54 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences54–52 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences52–49 Mya — about 2 occurrences49–47 Mya — about 2 occurrences47–45 Mya — about 2 occurrences45–43 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences43–40 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences40–38 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences38–36 Mya — about 1.0 occurrences36–34 Mya — about 1 occurrence34–31 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences31–29 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences29–27 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences27–25 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences25–22 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences22–20 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences20–18 Mya — about 2 occurrences18–16 Mya — about 1 occurrence16–13 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences13–11 Mya — about 2 occurrences11–9.0 Mya — about 5 occurrences9.0–6.7 Mya — about 5 occurrences6.7–4.5 Mya — about 3 occurrences4.5–2.2 Mya — about 2 occurrences2.2–0 Mya — about 2 occurrences56 Mya774 ka67 Mya0 Mya

45 occurrences of Lindera on record, most of them in the Miocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group, and the chart stops with its fossils rather than at the present. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

45 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

20 formations

Itahana — 36.25°N, 138.50°EItahana — 36.25°N, 139.00°EItahana — 36.50°N, 139.00°EFort Union — 47.10°N, 104.72°WFort Union — 46.42°N, 105.73°WFort Union — 44.48°N, 105.48°WFort Union — 43.03°N, 106.98°WFort Union — 44.25°N, 105.07°WGreen River — 39.78°N, 107.87°WGreen River — 39.00°N, 110.00°WGreen River — 41.84°N, 109.35°WGreen River — 41.10°N, 109.30°WAnimas — 37.27°N, 107.30°WAnimas — 37.03°N, 107.20°WFerris — 41.83°N, 106.62°WBangmai — 23.90°N, 100.02°EShanwang — 36.55°N, 118.71°EYagii — 36.08°N, 139.17°EMotojuku — 36.25°N, 138.75°EOgawa — 36.50°N, 138.00°ESeto Porcelain Clay — 35.00°N, 137.00°ETokoname — 34.88°N, 136.85°EGuchengzi — 41.84°N, 123.90°ENanlin — 25.12°N, 98.83°EShinao — 25.77°N, 104.65°EXiananshan — 29.15°N, 121.23°EMangbang — 24.69°N, 98.63°EKimin — 27.08°N, 93.65°EShoudai — 34.84°N, 135.72°ESayama — 35.78°N, 139.38°E

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The named rock units Lindera has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 5 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Lindera and its relatives

Miocene

Where Lindera and its relatives were recorded in the Miocene.

Found in the same rock

566 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 36 sites for Lindera, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

13 references

Each of the 45 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 1 further reference is not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content2

Picture of Lindera

Credit
nobody named on the record
Licence
Public Domain
Commercial use
the licence allows it

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC Attribution
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itLauraceae through timeFormations of the MioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Thunberg 1783