Maniraptora

Maniraptora is a clade of coelurosaurian dinosaurs which includes birds and the non-avian dinosaurs that were more closely related to them than to Ornithomimus velox. It contains the major subgroups Avialae, Dromaeosauridae, Troodontidae, Oviraptorosauria, and Therizinosauria. Ornitholestes and the Alvarezsauroidea are also often included. Together with the next closest sister group, the Ornithomimosauria, Maniraptora comprises the more inclusive clade Maniraptoriformes. Maniraptorans first appear in the fossil record during the Jurassic Period, and survive today as living birds.

Maniraptora

FunkMonk Jonathan Chen Greg Heartsfield Patagonychus - 01 , uploaded by FunkMonk Jlfutari at English Wikipedia incide… · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Also called
maniraptoranPBDB
Sits inside
CoelurosauriaPBDB
Diet
carnivorePBDB, for Coelurosauria
Life habit
ground dwelling, solitaryPBDB, for Theropoda
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Theropoda
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Theropoda

Time the record covers

At least 165 million years on record.

The record covers at least 165.3 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 168.2 Mya to 0 Mya.

Middle Jurassic — about 7 of 12000 occurrencesLate Jurassic — about 42 of 12000 occurrencesLate JurassicEarly Cretaceous — about 399 of 12000 occurrencesEarly CretaceousLate Cretaceous — about 1420 of 12000 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 74 of 12000 occurrencesEocene — about 428 of 12000 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 204 of 12000 occurrencesMiocene — about 974 of 12000 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 613 of 12000 occurrencesPleistocene — about 4678 of 12000 occurrences172–166 Mya — about 2 occurrences166–160 Mya — about 7 occurrences160–154 Mya — about 5 occurrences154–149 Mya — about 16 occurrences149–143 Mya — about 20 occurrences143–137 Mya — about 20 occurrences137–132 Mya — about 14 occurrences132–126 Mya — about 12 occurrences126–120 Mya — about 149 occurrences120–114 Mya — about 104 occurrences114–109 Mya — about 51 occurrences109–103 Mya — about 35 occurrences103–97 Mya — about 44 occurrences97–92 Mya — about 49 occurrences92–86 Mya — about 32 occurrences86–80 Mya — about 245 occurrences80–74 Mya — about 346 occurrences74–69 Mya — about 470 occurrences69–63 Mya — about 256 occurrences63–57 Mya — about 51 occurrences57–51 Mya — about 113 occurrences51–46 Mya — about 79 occurrences46–40 Mya — about 75 occurrences40–34 Mya — about 164 occurrences34–29 Mya — about 102 occurrences29–23 Mya — about 120 occurrences23–17 Mya — about 222 occurrences17–11 Mya — about 348 occurrences11–5.7 Mya — about 373 occurrences5.7–0 Mya — about 8479 occurrences165.3 Mya11.7 ka172 Mya0 Mya

12,000+ occurrences of Maniraptora on record. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

12,000 occurrences read

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. The read hit its cap, so every figure above is a floor and the shares are of the occurrences read. More on what this infers.

Found in

at least 639 formations

Hell Creek — 45.95°N, 103.96°WHell Creek — 46.10°N, 103.30°WHell Creek — 45.98°N, 103.75°WHell Creek — 46.18°N, 103.84°WHell Creek — 46.41°N, 103.94°WHell Creek — 46.38°N, 103.96°WHell Creek — 46.33°N, 103.90°WHell Creek — 46.46°N, 104.00°WHell Creek — 45.94°N, 103.95°WHell Creek — 47.80°N, 106.10°WHell Creek — 47.52°N, 106.40°WHell Creek — 47.68°N, 106.43°WHell Creek — 47.60°N, 107.00°WHell Creek — 45.53°N, 101.63°WHell Creek — 47.55°N, 107.12°WHell Creek — 47.62°N, 107.32°WHell Creek — 47.52°N, 106.98°WHell Creek — 47.57°N, 107.10°WHell Creek — 47.65°N, 106.65°WHell Creek — 47.58°N, 106.30°WHell Creek — 47.55°N, 107.25°WHell Creek — 47.52°N, 107.18°WHell Creek — 47.53°N, 106.92°WHell Creek — 47.07°N, 106.92°WHell Creek — 47.60°N, 107.23°WHell Creek — 47.73°N, 106.50°WHell Creek — 47.65°N, 106.20°WHell Creek — 47.63°N, 106.20°WHell Creek — 47.87°N, 106.18°WHell Creek — 46.90°N, 101.50°WHell Creek — 47.10°N, 104.66°WHell Creek — 47.61°N, 106.90°WHell Creek — 45.40°N, 103.65°WHell Creek — 46.41°N, 103.50°WHell Creek — 47.05°N, 107.35°WHell Creek — 45.87°N, 103.79°WHell Creek — 46.33°N, 103.98°WHell Creek — 45.05°N, 101.97°WHell Creek — 45.23°N, 103.21°WHell Creek — 45.66°N, 105.08°WHell Creek — 45.89°N, 104.55°WHell Creek — 45.50°N, 103.10°WHell Creek — 45.64°N, 103.49°WDinosaur Park — 50.73°N, 111.52°WDinosaur Park — 49.12°N, 110.47°WDinosaur Park — 50.81°N, 111.33°WDinosaur Park — 50.75°N, 111.48°WDinosaur Park — 50.80°N, 111.60°WDinosaur Park — 50.13°N, 111.69°WDinosaur Park — 50.76°N, 110.02°WDinosaur Park — 50.75°N, 111.40°WDinosaur Park — 50.73°N, 111.56°WDinosaur Park — 51.95°N, 112.93°WDinosaur Park — 49.99°N, 111.42°WDinosaur Park — 51.44°N, 110.39°WDinosaur Park — 51.47°N, 110.39°WDinosaur Park — 52.45°N, 109.17°WDinosaur Park — 50.73°N, 111.30°WDinosaur Park — 49.96°N, 110.27°WDinosaur Park — 49.20°N, 110.37°WDinosaur Park — 49.07°N, 110.45°WDinosaur Park — 48.03°N, 110.24°WDinosaur Park — 50.60°N, 111.62°WDinosaur Park — 52.08°N, 112.98°WSan Diego — 32.80°N, 117.26°WSan Diego — 32.90°N, 117.10°WSan Diego — 32.74°N, 117.17°WSan Diego — 32.71°N, 117.08°WSan Diego — 32.57°N, 117.03°WSan Diego — 32.77°N, 117.20°WSan Diego — 32.76°N, 117.13°WSan Diego — 32.74°N, 117.05°WSan Diego — 32.53°N, 117.05°WOldman — 50.75°N, 111.51°WOldman — 49.10°N, 110.94°WOldman — 49.08°N, 110.84°WOldman — 49.08°N, 110.68°WOldman — 49.16°N, 110.72°WOldman — 50.83°N, 111.32°WOldman — 49.28°N, 112.58°WOldman — 50.72°N, 111.40°WOldman — 50.47°N, 110.39°WOldman — 50.82°N, 111.58°WOldman — 50.74°N, 111.49°WOldman — 50.75°N, 111.42°WOldman — 50.64°N, 110.91°WOldman — 50.73°N, 110.08°WOldman — 49.14°N, 112.58°WOldman — 49.28°N, 112.20°WYorktown — 35.36°N, 76.82°WHillgrove — 45.13°S, 170.97°EJiufotang — 41.50°N, 121.22°EJiufotang — 41.42°N, 120.18°EJiufotang — 41.49°N, 120.23°EJiufotang — 41.40°N, 119.98°EJiufotang — 43.64°N, 120.43°EJiufotang — 41.57°N, 120.16°EJiufotang — 41.57°N, 120.47°EJiufotang — 41.60°N, 120.42°EJiufotang — 41.25°N, 120.03°EJiufotang — 40.59°N, 119.58°EJiufotang — 40.65°N, 119.69°EJiufotang — 41.75°N, 120.00°EJiufotang — 40.81°N, 119.80°EJiufotang — 40.91°N, 119.50°EJiufotang — 41.24°N, 119.40°EJiufotang — 40.59°N, 119.43°EJiufotang — 40.99°N, 119.68°EBannockburn — 44.91°S, 169.86°EBannockburn — 44.89°S, 169.84°EBannockburn — 44.88°S, 169.75°ELance — 43.12°N, 104.64°WLance — 43.49°N, 104.46°WLance — 43.30°N, 104.37°WLance — 41.57°N, 108.67°WLance — 43.13°N, 104.49°WLance — 43.17°N, 104.57°WLance — 43.18°N, 104.53°WLance — 43.27°N, 104.65°WLance — 43.37°N, 104.70°WLance — 43.00°N, 104.50°WLance — 45.48°N, 104.19°WVarswater — 32.98°S, 18.15°EVarswater — 31.92°S, 21.52°EVarswater — 33.67°S, 18.43°EVarswater — 33.00°S, 18.00°ETamiami — 27.34°N, 82.51°WTamiami — 27.78°N, 82.68°WTamiami — 27.37°N, 82.45°WYixian — 41.80°N, 120.73°EYixian — 41.60°N, 120.87°EYixian — 41.37°N, 124.68°EYixian — 41.13°N, 121.14°EYixian — 41.57°N, 119.33°EYixian — 41.60°N, 120.84°EYixian — 41.88°N, 116.56°EYixian — 41.47°N, 121.19°EYixian — 41.37°N, 121.42°EYixian — 41.24°N, 119.40°EYixian — 41.80°N, 120.78°EYixian — 41.60°N, 120.98°EYixian — 39.88°N, 123.44°EYixian — 40.00°N, 116.67°EYixian — 40.75°N, 120.83°EYixian — 40.65°N, 119.68°EYixian — 41.59°N, 121.63°EYixian — 41.33°N, 119.13°EYixian — 40.64°N, 119.64°EYixian — 41.13°N, 121.70°EYixian — 41.42°N, 118.97°EPisco — 15.58°S, 74.72°WPisco — 15.44°S, 74.87°WPisco — 14.56°S, 75.67°WPisco — 15.50°S, 74.80°WPisco — 15.55°S, 74.80°WPisco — 15.67°S, 74.54°WPisco — 14.33°S, 75.90°WLa Meseta — 64.25°S, 56.72°WLa Meseta — 64.24°S, 56.65°WLa Meseta — 64.24°S, 56.65°WMonterey — 33.56°N, 117.71°WMonterey — 34.95°N, 120.14°WMonterey — 34.61°N, 120.44°WAguja — 29.32°N, 103.52°WAguja — 29.20°N, 103.20°WAguja — 29.10°N, 103.17°WAguja — 29.23°N, 103.57°WPierre Shale — 49.18°N, 98.10°WPierre Shale — 49.22°N, 98.20°WPierre Shale — 49.14°N, 98.22°WWillwood — 43.03°N, 108.38°WWillwood — 44.30°N, 109.00°WWillwood — 44.37°N, 108.67°WWillwood — 44.60°N, 108.32°WWillwood — 44.59°N, 108.41°WWillwood — 44.65°N, 108.54°WWillwood — 44.52°N, 108.58°WWillwood — 44.65°N, 108.90°WWillwood — 44.63°N, 108.92°WWillwood — 44.52°N, 108.70°WWillwood — 44.68°N, 108.73°WWillwood — 44.60°N, 108.79°WWillwood — 44.65°N, 108.77°WWillwood — 44.45°N, 108.43°WWillwood — 44.30°N, 108.07°WWillwood — 45.00°N, 109.05°WWillwood — 44.42°N, 108.15°WWillwood — 44.50°N, 108.05°WWillwood — 44.78°N, 108.97°WWillwood — 44.77°N, 109.08°WWillwood — 44.50°N, 108.00°WWillwood — 44.32°N, 108.02°WCloverly — 45.44°N, 108.16°WCloverly — 44.51°N, 107.90°WCloverly — 44.98°N, 108.32°WCloverly — 46.34°N, 109.69°WCloverly — 45.20°N, 108.81°WCloverly — 45.36°N, 108.75°WCloverly — 43.22°N, 107.57°WCloverly — 45.34°N, 108.81°WCloverly — 45.38°N, 108.26°WCloverly — 45.41°N, 108.04°WCloverly — 45.35°N, 108.10°WCloverly — 45.26°N, 108.41°WCloverly — 44.66°N, 107.89°WCloverly — 44.50°N, 107.82°WCloverly — 44.83°N, 108.31°WCloverly — 45.49°N, 108.73°WPalos Verdes Sand — 33.60°N, 117.80°WPalos Verdes Sand — 34.00°N, 118.20°WPalos Verdes Sand — 33.99°N, 118.45°WPalos Verdes Sand — 33.66°N, 117.90°WSan Pedro — 33.75°N, 118.28°WSan Pedro — 34.03°N, 118.53°WSanta Cruz — 50.00°S, 70.00°WSanta Cruz — 51.02°S, 69.15°WSanta Cruz — 51.20°S, 69.12°WSanta Cruz — 50.23°S, 72.37°WSanta Cruz — 47.50°S, 71.88°WSanta Cruz — 51.58°S, 69.23°WSanta Cruz — 51.05°S, 69.13°WSanta Cruz — 50.35°S, 68.95°WSanta Cruz — 50.35°S, 69.03°WSanta Cruz — 50.50°S, 72.25°WCalvert — 37.93°N, 77.51°WCalvert — 37.67°N, 77.16°WCalvert — 37.77°N, 77.28°WCalvert — 37.77°N, 77.37°WCalvert — 37.66°N, 77.11°WCalvert — 38.54°N, 76.73°WCalvert — 38.55°N, 76.52°WCalvert — 37.97°N, 76.79°WCalvert — 38.17°N, 76.87°WCalvert — 38.17°N, 76.85°WCalvert — 38.42°N, 76.62°WCalvert — 38.18°N, 76.97°WCalvert — 39.20°N, 75.60°WCalvert — 38.62°N, 76.51°WAlachua — 29.70°N, 82.60°WAlachua — 29.10°N, 82.30°WAlachua — 29.55°N, 82.52°WAlachua — 29.65°N, 82.60°W

Loading coastlines…

The named rock units Maniraptora has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. The read hit its cap, so each count is a floor. 615 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 7,711 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Found in the same rock

3,336 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records at least 914 sites for Maniraptora, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

at least 1,951 references

Each of the 12,000 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. That read hit its cap, so each count is a floor. 1,939 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Maniraptora

Credit
FunkMonk Jonathan Chen Greg Heartsfield Patagonychus - 01 , uploaded by FunkMonk Jlfutari at English Wikipedia incide…
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Maniraptora was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itCoelurosauria through timeThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Gauthier 1986