Orbicella franksi
Orbicella franksi, commonly known as boulder star coral, is a colonial stony coral in the family Merulinidae. It is native to shallow waters in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, the Bahamas, Bermuda and Florida, and is listed as a near-threatened species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

NOAA · Public Domain · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.
On record
Recorded, not inferred- Sits inside
- OrbicellaPBDB
- Diet
- microcarnivore, photosymbioticPBDB, for Scleractinia
- Life habit
- intermediate-level epifaunal, colonial, clonalPBDB, for Scleractinia
- Motility
- stationary, attachedPBDB, for Scleractinia
- Vision
- blindPBDB, for Anthozoa
- Environment
- marinePBDB, for Scleractinia
Time the record covers
At least 5.3 million years on record.
The record covers at least 5.333 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 7.246 Mya to 0 Mya.
19 occurrences of Orbicella franksi on record, most of them in the Pleistocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.
When
19 occurrences- Miocene16%
- Pliocene3%
- Pleistocene71%
- Holocene11%
These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.
Found in
5 formations
- Urraca Formation5
- Old Bank Formation3
- Manchioneal Formation · Coastal Group1
- Hope Gate Formation1
- Isla Colon Formation1
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The named rock units Orbicella franksi has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 8 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.
Orbicella franksi and its relatives
PleistoceneWhere Orbicella franksi and its relatives were recorded in the Pleistocene.
Found in the same rock
45 taxa- Colpophyllia natans7 sites
- Acropora cervicornis6 sites
- Siderastrea siderea6 sites
- Diploria labyrinthiformis5 sites
- Montastrea cavernosa5 sites
- Orbicella annularis5 sites
- Orbicella faveolata5 sites
- Porites astreoides5 sites
- Acropora palmata4 sites
- Agaricia agaricites4 sites
- Dichocoenia stokesi4 sites
- Stephanocoenia intersepta4 sites
- Porites porites3 sites
- Pseudodiploria strigosa3 sites
- Agaricia lamarcki2 sites
- Agaricia undata2 sites
- Caulastrea portoricensis2 sites
- Dendrogyra cylindrus2 sites
- Eusmilia fastigiata2 sites
- Isophyllia rigida2 sites
- Isophyllia sinuosa2 sites
- Leptoseris cucullata2 sites
- Manicina areolata2 sites
- Meandrina meandrites2 sites
The Paleobiology Database records 8 sites for Orbicella franksi, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.
This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.
Entered from
8 references- Neogene reef coral assemblages of the Bocas del Toro region, Panama: the rise of Acropora palmata9
- Overlapping species boundaries and hybridization within the Montastrea "annularis" reef coral complex in the Pleistocene of the Bahama Islands2
- Comparison of Caribbean coral reef communities before and after Plio-Pleistocene faunal turnover: Analyses of two Dominican Republic reef sequences2
- Zooxanthellate scleractinian corals of the Bowden shell bed, Southeast Jamaica2
- Coral growth rates from the Holocene Canada Honda fossil reef, southwestern Dominican Republic: comparisons with modern counterparts in high sedimentation settings1
- Interpreting sea surface temperature from strontium/calcium ratios in Montastrea corals: Link with growth rate and implications for proxy reconstructions1
- Coral assemblages and reef environments in the Bahamas Drilling Project cores1
- A Caribbean coral reef community of the Pleistocene1
Each of the 19 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.
Media and terms
Media content2
Picture of Orbicella franksi
- Source
- Wikipedia/Commons
- Credit
- NOAA
- Licence
- Public Domain
- Commercial use
- the licence allows it
3D model
- Source
- Sketchfab
- Credit
- Patric Lengacher
- Licence
- CC Attribution
- Commercial use
- cannot be read from the licence given — check the record
Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.
The description on this site
- Licence
- CC BY-SA 4.0
This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.
Keep going
What may have been alongside itOrbicella through timeFormations of the PleistoceneThe world it lived on
Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. (Gregory 1895)