Pholidophoridae

Pholidophoridae is an extinct family of primitive stem-teleost fish that lived during the Triassic period, from the Anisian age of the Middle Triassic to the Norian age of the Late Triassic. Most of the genera are from Europe, but one (Malingichthys) is known from China. The pholidophorids were historically united with several other stem-teleost lineages into the order Pholidophoriformes, but Pholidophoriformes in its traditional sense is now considered paraphyletic with respect to crown group teleosts.

Pholidophoridae

Ghedoghedo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
PholidophoriformesPBDB
Diet
suspension feederPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB

Time the record covers

At least 143 million years on record.

The record covers at least 244.4 Mya to 100.5 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 248.6 Mya to 93.9 Mya.

Early Triassic — about 0 of 134 occurrencesMiddle Triassic — about 12 of 134 occurrencesLate Triassic — about 44 of 134 occurrencesLate TriassicEarly Jurassic — about 43 of 134 occurrencesEarly JurassicMiddle Jurassic — about 4 of 134 occurrencesLate Jurassic — about 19 of 134 occurrencesLate JurassicEarly Cretaceous — about 8 of 134 occurrencesEarly CretaceousLate Cretaceous — about 4 of 134 occurrences252–246 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences246–241 Mya — about 6 occurrences241–236 Mya — about 8 occurrences236–230 Mya — about 4 occurrences230–225 Mya — about 1 occurrence225–220 Mya — about 1 occurrence220–214 Mya — about 8 occurrences214–209 Mya — about 17 occurrences209–203 Mya — about 6 occurrences203–198 Mya — about 12 occurrences198–193 Mya — about 15 occurrences193–187 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences187–182 Mya — about 12 occurrences182–177 Mya — about 6 occurrences177–171 Mya — about 2 occurrences171–166 Mya — about 2 occurrences166–161 Mya — about 2 occurrences161–155 Mya — about 1 occurrence155–150 Mya — about 7 occurrences150–144 Mya — about 10 occurrences144–139 Mya — about 1 occurrence139–134 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences128–123 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences123–118 Mya — about 5 occurrences118–112 Mya — about 1 occurrence102–96 Mya — about 3 occurrences96–91 Mya — about 1 occurrence244.4 Mya100.5 Mya252 Mya91 Mya

134 occurrences of Pholidophoridae on record, most of them in the Late Triassic. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

134 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

33 formations

Solnhofen — 48.90°N, 11.18°ESolnhofen — 48.91°N, 11.14°EHauptdolomit — 47.73°N, 13.14°ESeefelder — 47.32°N, 11.22°ECalcare di Zorzino — 45.80°N, 9.56°ECalcare di Zorzino — 45.78°N, 9.81°EWestbury — 51.60°N, 2.63°WLiegende Bankkalk — 48.12°N, 8.87°EGrünsandstein — 48.93°N, 11.83°EDolomia Principale — 40.72°N, 14.95°ELombardische Kieselkalk — 46.00°N, 9.08°ERiva di Solto — 45.83°N, 9.65°EGreat Oolite — 49.19°N, 0.37°WPurlawaugh — 32.17°S, 149.70°EBesano — 45.89°N, 8.90°EMuschelkalk — 41.26°N, 1.14°ERaibl — 46.44°N, 13.57°EZorzino Limestone — 45.78°N, 9.82°ESainte-Barbe Clays — 50.48°N, 3.65°EFalang — 25.16°N, 104.79°ECalcare di Sogno — 45.83°N, 9.30°EWhite Lias — 51.12°N, 2.73°WDolomia di Forni — 46.38°N, 12.86°EAshfield Shale — 33.91°S, 151.19°EReingrabener Schiefer — 47.88°N, 15.07°EBlue Lias — 52.59°N, 1.11°W

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The named rock units Pholidophoridae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 9 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 64 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Pholidophoridae and its relatives

Late Triassic

Where Pholidophoridae and its relatives were recorded in the Late Triassic.

Found in the same rock

827 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 85 sites for Pholidophoridae, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

50 references

Each of the 134 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 38 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Pholidophoridae

Credit
Ghedoghedo
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Pholidophoridae was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itPholidophoriformes through timeFormations of the Late TriassicThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Woodward 1890