Pseudhipparion

Pseudhipparion is an extinct genus of three-toed horse endemic to North America during the early to late Miocene. They were herding animals whose diet consisted of C3 plants, implying that they were grazers. Fossils of Pseudhipparion have been found in Georgia, Florida, Oregon, Montana, Kansas, Texas, Nebraska, and South Dakota indicate that it was a lightweight horse, weighing up to 90 pounds. In 2005, fossils were unearthed in Oklahoma. Seven species of Pseudhipparion are known from the fossil record, which were very small, following the trend of Bergmann's rule.

Pseudhipparion

Ghedoghedo · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
HipparioniniPBDB
Diet
grazerPBDB
Life habit
ground dwellingPBDB, for Equinae
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Eutheria

Time the record covers

At least 10 million years on record.

The record covers at least 13.82 Mya to 3.6 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 23.04 Mya to 2.58 Mya.

Oligocene — about 0 of 159 occurrencesMiocene — about 154 of 159 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 5 of 159 occurrencesPliocenePleistocene — about 0 of 159 occurrences24–23 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences23–22 Mya — about 1 occurrence22–21 Mya — about 1 occurrence21–21 Mya — about 1 occurrence21–20 Mya — about 1 occurrence20–19 Mya — about 1 occurrence19–19 Mya — about 1 occurrence19–18 Mya — about 1 occurrence18–17 Mya — about 1 occurrence17–16 Mya — about 1 occurrence16–16 Mya — about 2 occurrences16–15 Mya — about 3 occurrences15–14 Mya — about 3 occurrences14–14 Mya — about 3 occurrences14–13 Mya — about 3 occurrences13–12 Mya — about 14 occurrences12–11 Mya — about 23 occurrences11–11 Mya — about 24 occurrences11–9.9 Mya — about 24 occurrences9.9–9.2 Mya — about 19 occurrences9.2–8.5 Mya — about 5 occurrences8.5–7.8 Mya — about 5 occurrences7.8–7.1 Mya — about 5 occurrences7.1–6.4 Mya — about 5 occurrences6.4–5.7 Mya — about 5 occurrences5.7–4.9 Mya — about 4 occurrences4.9–4.2 Mya — about 1 occurrence4.2–3.5 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences3.5–2.8 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences2.8–2.1 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences13.82 Mya3.6 Mya23.5 Mya2.1 Mya

159 occurrences of Pseudhipparion on record, most of them in the Miocene. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

159 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

17 formations

Ash Hollow — 42.80°N, 100.80°WAsh Hollow — 41.20°N, 101.80°WAsh Hollow — 42.39°N, 98.10°WAsh Hollow — 42.60°N, 98.00°WAsh Hollow — 42.70°N, 100.00°WAsh Hollow — 41.30°N, 105.10°WAsh Hollow — 43.20°N, 100.70°WAsh Hollow — 41.70°N, 103.10°WAsh Hollow — 43.40°N, 100.60°WAsh Hollow — 42.30°N, 98.00°WAsh Hollow — 42.80°N, 99.70°WValentine — 42.80°N, 100.80°WValentine — 42.80°N, 99.70°WValentine — 42.70°N, 100.00°WValentine — 40.10°N, 98.50°WValentine — 43.20°N, 99.80°WValentine — 42.60°N, 98.00°WPeace River — 27.90°N, 81.80°WPeace River — 27.50°N, 82.50°WPeace River — 27.68°N, 81.95°WGoliad — 28.60°N, 97.70°WGoliad — 28.34°N, 97.96°WGoliad — 28.53°N, 97.74°WOgallala — 39.08°N, 99.77°WOgallala — 35.88°N, 99.85°WAlachua — 29.80°N, 82.10°WAlachua — 29.55°N, 82.52°WAlachua — 29.65°N, 82.60°WStatenville — 30.40°N, 83.00°WBone Valley — 27.90°N, 81.80°WBone Valley — 27.50°N, 82.50°WArcadia — 27.80°N, 82.80°WArcadia — 27.29°N, 82.53°WCoetas — 35.40°N, 101.90°WSnake Creek — 42.40°N, 103.80°WClarendon Beds — 35.02°N, 100.82°WLaverne — 36.80°N, 100.50°WYorktown — 35.40°N, 76.80°Wreferred Chamita — 36.50°N, 107.00°WRexroad — 36.93°N, 100.27°WMcKay — 45.50°N, 118.80°W

Loading coastlines…

The named rock units Pseudhipparion has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 57 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Pseudhipparion and its relatives

Miocene

Where Pseudhipparion and its relatives were recorded in the Miocene.

Found in the same rock

698 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 156 sites for Pseudhipparion, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

40 references

Each of the 159 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 28 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content2

Picture of Pseudhipparion

Credit
Ghedoghedo
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

Laser scan

Licence
not stated by the source
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record
Specimen
Pseudhipparion skinneri · UF:VP:227100

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itHipparionini through timeFormations of the MioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Ameghino 1904