Pugnacidae

No picture of Pugnacidae was found. Wikipedia, Wikidata and iDigBio were searched and had none. Smithsonian Open Access did not answer, so this is what the others held rather than everything there is. GBIF was asked, and what came back is not recorded: nothing, or a picture this site could not tie to Pugnacidae, or no answer at all. This entry cannot say which.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
PugnacoideaPBDB
Diet
suspension feederPBDB, for Rhynchonellida
Life habit
epifaunalPBDB, for Rhynchonellida
Motility
stationaryPBDB, for Rhynchonellida
Vision
blindPBDB, for Rhynchonellata
Environment
marinePBDB, for Lophophorata

Time the record covers

At least 165 million years on record.

The record covers at least 419.62 Mya to 254.14 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 443.1 Mya to 251.902 Mya.

Ordovician — about 0 of 184 occurrencesSilurian — about 1 of 184 occurrencesSilurianDevonian — about 95 of 184 occurrencesDevonianCarboniferous — about 71 of 184 occurrencesCarboniferousPermian — about 17 of 184 occurrencesPermianEarly Triassic — about 0 of 184 occurrences447–440 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences440–434 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences434–427 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences427–420 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences420–414 Mya — about 4 occurrences414–407 Mya — about 7 occurrences407–401 Mya — about 5 occurrences401–394 Mya — about 2 occurrences394–387 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences387–381 Mya — about 15 occurrences381–374 Mya — about 24 occurrences374–367 Mya — about 27 occurrences367–361 Mya — about 8 occurrences361–354 Mya — about 3 occurrences354–348 Mya — about 3 occurrences348–341 Mya — about 17 occurrences341–334 Mya — about 25 occurrences334–328 Mya — about 20 occurrences328–321 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences321–314 Mya — about 1.0 occurrences314–308 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences308–301 Mya — about 1 occurrence301–294 Mya — about 3 occurrences294–288 Mya — about 3 occurrences288–281 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences281–275 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences275–268 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences268–261 Mya — about 1 occurrence261–255 Mya — about 7 occurrences255–248 Mya — about 3 occurrences419.62 Mya254.14 Mya447 Mya248 Mya

184 occurrences of Pugnacidae on record, most of them in the Devonian. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

184 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

68 formations

Solonchatskaya — 51.77°N, 59.10°EWoolooma — 32.50°S, 151.00°EWoolooma — 30.11°S, 150.28°EWoolooma — 32.15°S, 150.99°EFlagstaff Sandstone — 32.28°S, 151.63°EEyam Limestone — 53.18°N, 1.77°WWargal — 32.40°N, 72.25°EWargal — 32.61°N, 71.76°EWargal — 32.52°N, 72.30°EWargal — 32.47°N, 71.95°EWeaver Beds — 52.80°N, 2.10°WBeaulieu — 50.83°N, 1.77°EBeaulieu — 46.00°N, 2.00°EGlubokaya — 55.52°N, 85.70°EGlubokaya — 55.17°N, 84.57°EPort Refugio — 55.28°N, 133.32°WFeltrim — 53.43°N, 6.20°WWaterhouses Limestone — 53.08°N, 1.83°WWaterhouses Limestone — 52.80°N, 2.10°WMonsal Dale Limestone — 53.19°N, 1.75°WNagaoling — 22.39°N, 107.55°ENahkaoling — 22.70°N, 109.22°ENahkaoling — 23.00°N, 108.00°ECracoe Limestone — 54.05°N, 2.02°WWadleigh Limestone — 55.53°N, 133.15°WWadleigh Limestone — 55.49°N, 132.36°WLime Creek — 43.00°N, 93.00°WIndependence Shale — 42.07°N, 92.07°WIndependence Shale — 41.78°N, 91.90°WMarar — 25.78°N, 10.55°EMarar — 27.50°N, 14.50°ETaemas — 34.95°S, 148.82°ETaemas — 34.94°S, 148.82°EBachu — 39.71°N, 78.76°EKoh-e Giru — 33.98°N, 68.05°EKowala — 50.83°N, 20.67°EKowala — 50.73°N, 20.45°ECopacabana — 16.22°S, 68.90°WCopacabana — 15.87°S, 68.92°W

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The named rock units Pugnacidae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 44 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 35 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Pugnacidae and its relatives

Devonian

Where Pugnacidae and its relatives were recorded in the Devonian.

Found in the same rock

1,633 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 125 sites for Pugnacidae, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

74 references

Each of the 184 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 62 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content0

No picture of Pugnacidae was found. Wikipedia, Wikidata and iDigBio were searched and had none.

Smithsonian Open Access did not answer, so this is what the others held rather than everything there is.

GBIF was asked, and what came back is not recorded: nothing, or a picture this site could not tie to Pugnacidae, or no answer at all. This entry cannot say which.

No 3D scan of Pugnacidae was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itPugnacoidea through timeFormations of the DevonianThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Rzonsnitzkaja 1956