Sciaenidae

Sciaenidae is a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Acanthuriformes. They are commonly called drums or croakers in reference to the repetitive throbbing or drumming sounds they make. The family consists of about 293 to 298 species in about 66 or 67 genera.

Sciaenidae

Smithsonian Environmental Research Center · CC BY 2.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
PercomorphariaPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes

Time the record covers

At least 100 million years on record.

The record covers at least 100.5 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 106.3 Mya to 0 Mya.

Early Cretaceous — about 5 of 411 occurrencesLate Cretaceous — about 33 of 411 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 3 of 411 occurrencesPaleoceneEocene — about 94 of 411 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 46 of 411 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 141 of 411 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 22 of 411 occurrencesPleistocene — about 57 of 411 occurrences108–105 Mya — about 1 occurrence105–101 Mya — about 3 occurrences101–98 Mya — about 5 occurrences98–94 Mya — about 6 occurrences94–90 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences87–83 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences83–80 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences80–76 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences76–72 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences72–69 Mya — about 11 occurrences69–65 Mya — about 10 occurrences65–61 Mya — about 2 occurrences61–58 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences58–54 Mya — about 1 occurrence54–51 Mya — about 2 occurrences51–47 Mya — about 6 occurrences47–43 Mya — about 16 occurrences43–40 Mya — about 30 occurrences40–36 Mya — about 34 occurrences36–33 Mya — about 10 occurrences33–29 Mya — about 15 occurrences29–25 Mya — about 16 occurrences25–22 Mya — about 15 occurrences22–18 Mya — about 12 occurrences18–14 Mya — about 16 occurrences14–11 Mya — about 40 occurrences11–7.2 Mya — about 42 occurrences7.2–3.6 Mya — about 39 occurrences3.6–0 Mya — about 77 occurrences100.5 Mya11.7 ka108 Mya0 Mya

411 occurrences of Sciaenidae on record, most of them in the Miocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

411 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

97 formations

Palos Verdes Sand — 33.76°N, 118.29°WPalos Verdes Sand — 34.00°N, 118.20°WPalos Verdes Sand — 33.66°N, 117.90°WPalos Verdes Sand — 33.99°N, 118.45°WPalos Verdes Sand — 33.75°N, 118.29°WPalos Verdes Sand — 33.64°N, 117.88°WGatun — 9.35°N, 79.80°WGatun — 9.36°N, 79.84°WCook Mountain — 32.34°N, 89.14°WCook Mountain — 30.64°N, 96.51°WCook Mountain — 30.61°N, 96.57°WCook Mountain — 31.33°N, 95.52°WCook Mountain — 32.03°N, 88.70°WStone City — 30.53°N, 96.69°WStone City — 30.63°N, 96.54°WStone City — 30.67°N, 96.56°WScaglia Bianca — 43.48°N, 12.72°EScaglia Bianca — 43.38°N, 12.62°Efacies à Congeria — 45.05°N, 7.93°EYorktown — 35.36°N, 76.82°WCantaure — 11.97°N, 70.02°WHell Creek — 47.80°N, 106.10°WHell Creek — 47.52°N, 106.40°WHell Creek — 45.50°N, 103.10°WHell Creek — 45.64°N, 103.49°WHell Creek — 47.27°N, 107.13°WHell Creek — 47.52°N, 107.18°WHell Creek — 47.60°N, 107.00°WHell Creek — 47.55°N, 107.13°WLance — 43.12°N, 104.64°WLance — 41.57°N, 108.67°WLance — 43.25°N, 104.52°WLance — 43.15°N, 104.57°WLance — 43.00°N, 104.50°WCalvert — 37.93°N, 77.51°WCalvert — 38.17°N, 76.81°WCalvert — 39.27°N, 77.53°WMoodys Branch — 32.90°N, 90.19°WMoodys Branch — 32.23°N, 92.15°WMoodys Branch — 31.90°N, 88.69°WMoodys Branch — 31.89°N, 88.39°WBermont — 27.70°N, 82.50°WUrumaco — 11.25°N, 70.27°WHrušky — 48.81°N, 16.63°E“upper” Lisbon — 31.82°N, 88.24°WByram Marl — 32.32°N, 90.88°WByram Marl — 32.34°N, 90.85°WByram Marl — 32.18°N, 90.24°WMonterey — 33.56°N, 117.71°WMonterey — 34.61°N, 120.44°WTamiami — 27.34°N, 82.51°WCatahoula — 31.66°N, 88.66°WLisbon — 31.36°N, 86.52°WLisbon — 31.56°N, 87.52°WYazoo — 31.66°N, 92.90°WYazoo — 31.93°N, 91.94°WWeches — 30.00°N, 97.15°WWeches — 28.96°N, 98.48°WWeches — 31.22°N, 96.04°WByram — 32.36°N, 90.63°WByram — 31.57°N, 88.04°W

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The named rock units Sciaenidae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 73 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 106 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Sciaenidae and its relatives

Miocene

Where Sciaenidae and its relatives were recorded in the Miocene.

Found in the same rock

4,509 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 218 sites for Sciaenidae, and this reads all of them. Of that, one read hit the database's own return limit, so every count below is a floor rather than a total. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

153 references

Each of the 411 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 141 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Sciaenidae

Credit
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
Licence
CC BY 2.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Sciaenidae was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itPercomorpharia through timeFormations of the MioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. (Cuvier 1828)