Xenophora

Xenophora, commonly called carrier shells, is a genus of medium-sized to large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Xenophoridae, the carrier snails or carrier shells. The genus Xenophora is the type genus of the family Xenophoridae.

Xenophora

Wilson44691 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
XenophoridaePBDB
Diet
grazerPBDB, for Xenophoridae
Life habit
epifaunalPBDB, for Xenophoridae
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Xenophoridae
Vision
limitedPBDB, for Gastropoda

Time the record covers

At least 89 million years on record.

The record covers at least 89.8 Mya to 129 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 93.9 Mya to 11.7 ka.

Late Cretaceous — about 30 of 445 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 18 of 445 occurrencesPaleoceneEocene — about 122 of 445 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 51 of 445 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 151 of 445 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 53 of 445 occurrencesPleistocene — about 20 of 445 occurrences96–93 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences93–89 Mya — about 1 occurrence89–86 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences86–83 Mya — about 1 occurrence83–80 Mya — about 5 occurrences80–77 Mya — about 5 occurrences77–73 Mya — about 5 occurrences73–70 Mya — about 5 occurrences70–67 Mya — about 4 occurrences67–64 Mya — about 4 occurrences64–61 Mya — about 6 occurrences61–57 Mya — about 7 occurrences57–54 Mya — about 4 occurrences54–51 Mya — about 3 occurrences51–48 Mya — about 4 occurrences48–45 Mya — about 18 occurrences45–42 Mya — about 18 occurrences42–38 Mya — about 35 occurrences38–35 Mya — about 31 occurrences35–32 Mya — about 23 occurrences32–29 Mya — about 19 occurrences29–26 Mya — about 14 occurrences26–22 Mya — about 10 occurrences22–19 Mya — about 21 occurrences19–16 Mya — about 23 occurrences16–13 Mya — about 43 occurrences13–9.6 Mya — about 23 occurrences9.6–6.4 Mya — about 24 occurrences6.4–3.2 Mya — about 54 occurrences3.2–0 Mya — about 33 occurrences89.8 Mya129 ka96 Mya0 Mya

445 occurrences of Xenophora on record, most of them in the Miocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

445 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

166 formations

Gurabo — 19.48°N, 71.09°WGurabo — 19.53°N, 71.20°WGurabo — 19.48°N, 70.98°WGurabo — 19.30°N, 70.50°WGurabo — 19.45°N, 70.70°WGurabo — 19.53°N, 71.33°WGurabo — 19.30°N, 71.67°WGurabo — 19.58°N, 71.05°WGurabo — 18.93°N, 71.62°WByram — 32.41°N, 90.84°WByram — 32.12°N, 90.53°WCook Mountain — 32.32°N, 89.16°WCook Mountain — 32.04°N, 88.73°WCook Mountain — 31.09°N, 95.95°WCook Mountain — 31.20°N, 95.73°WCook Mountain — 30.63°N, 96.55°WCook Mountain — 30.64°N, 96.52°WBarton Beds — 51.28°N, 0.63°WBarton Beds — 50.78°N, 1.73°WBarton Beds — 50.85°N, 1.78°WBarton Beds — 50.74°N, 1.69°WLlajas — 34.31°N, 118.67°WLlajas — 34.24°N, 118.75°WCastle Hayne — 34.64°N, 77.65°WCastle Hayne — 34.37°N, 77.86°WCastle Hayne — 34.23°N, 77.94°WCastle Hayne — 34.66°N, 77.70°WCastle Hayne — 34.36°N, 77.82°WMoodys Branch — 32.03°N, 92.02°WMoodys Branch — 32.28°N, 90.18°WMoodys Branch — 31.67°N, 92.89°WRosario — 29.52°N, 115.25°WWeches — 30.67°N, 96.37°WWeches — 30.00°N, 97.15°WWeches — 30.68°N, 96.58°WWeches — 31.21°N, 96.02°WWeches — 31.35°N, 95.68°WWeches — 31.00°N, 96.83°WFalun de Jeurs — 48.48°N, 2.23°ELellinge Greensand — 55.71°N, 12.60°EMartinez — 38.05°N, 122.15°WMartinez — 38.02°N, 122.10°WSelsey — 50.73°N, 0.78°WSuwannee Limestone — 30.63°N, 85.59°WSuwannee Limestone — 28.56°N, 82.39°WSuwannee Limestone — 30.28°N, 83.71°WBowden — 17.88°N, 76.28°WEsmeraldas — 0.95°N, 79.62°WEsmeraldas — 0.95°N, 79.74°WEsmeraldas — 0.85°N, 78.98°WGheldeis — 9.23°N, 50.67°EGheldeis — 9.60°N, 50.78°EGheldeis — 9.50°N, 50.63°EGheldeis — 7.87°N, 49.80°EVaqueros — 34.52°N, 120.43°WVaqueros — 34.58°N, 120.16°WVaqueros — 35.27°N, 120.60°WCrystal River Limestone — 31.26°N, 86.77°WCrystal River Limestone — 30.05°N, 83.18°WCrystal River Limestone — 29.25°N, 82.17°WJuncal — 34.77°N, 119.16°WInglis Limestone — 29.02°N, 82.64°WInglis Limestone — 29.03°N, 82.67°WShoal River — 30.72°N, 86.12°WShoal River — 30.69°N, 86.65°WIhungia — 40.27°S, 176.22°EIhungia — 40.30°S, 176.28°ECayo Agua — 9.18°N, 82.05°WCayo Agua — 9.14°N, 82.01°W

Loading coastlines…

The named rock units Xenophora has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 142 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 91 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Xenophora and its relatives

Miocene

Where Xenophora and its relatives were recorded in the Miocene.

Found in the same rock

2,564 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 301 sites for Xenophora, and this reads 240 of them. Of that, one read hit the database's own return limit, so every count below is a floor rather than a total. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

162 references

Each of the 445 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 150 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content4

Picture of Xenophora

Credit
Wilson44691
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

3D scan

Licence
CC0 — this site’s default, not the record’s
Commercial use
the licence allows it
Specimen
Xenophora conchyliophora

Photogrammetry

Licence
not stated by the source
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record
Specimen
Xenophora conchyliophora · UF:Invertebrate Zoology:172620-mollusca

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC Attribution
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itXenophoridae through timeFormations of the MioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Fischer von Waldheim 1807