Xenophoridae

Xenophoridae, commonly called carrier shells, is a family of medium-sized to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.

Xenophoridae

Wilson44691 · CC BY-SA 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Also called
carrier shellPBDB
Sits inside
XenophoroideaPBDB
Diet
grazerPBDB
Life habit
epifaunalPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB
Vision
limitedPBDB, for Gastropoda

Time the record covers

At least 170 million years on record.

The record covers at least 170.9 Mya to 129 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 174.7 Mya to 11.7 ka.

Early Jurassic — about 0 of 553 occurrencesMiddle Jurassic — about 1 of 553 occurrencesLate Jurassic — about 0 of 553 occurrencesEarly Cretaceous — about 0 of 553 occurrencesLate Cretaceous — about 98 of 553 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 19 of 553 occurrencesEocene — about 131 of 553 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 54 of 553 occurrencesMiocene — about 164 of 553 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 64 of 553 occurrencesPleistocene — about 22 of 553 occurrences178–172 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences172–166 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences101–95 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences95–89 Mya — about 2 occurrences89–83 Mya — about 4 occurrences83–77 Mya — about 17 occurrences77–71 Mya — about 23 occurrences71–65 Mya — about 51 occurrences65–59 Mya — about 13 occurrences59–53 Mya — about 8 occurrences53–48 Mya — about 9 occurrences48–42 Mya — about 38 occurrences42–36 Mya — about 65 occurrences36–30 Mya — about 43 occurrences30–24 Mya — about 26 occurrences24–18 Mya — about 38 occurrences18–12 Mya — about 68 occurrences12–5.9 Mya — about 50 occurrences5.9–0 Mya — about 97 occurrences170.9 Mya129 ka178 Mya0 Mya

553 occurrences of Xenophoridae on record, most of them in the Miocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

553 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

188 formations

Prairie Bluff — 34.25°N, 88.97°WPrairie Bluff — 33.89°N, 88.96°WPrairie Bluff — 33.79°N, 88.97°WPrairie Bluff — 33.79°N, 88.91°WPrairie Bluff — 33.73°N, 88.91°WPrairie Bluff — 33.61°N, 88.90°WPrairie Bluff — 33.52°N, 88.84°WPrairie Bluff — 33.38°N, 88.74°WPrairie Bluff — 33.07°N, 88.61°WPrairie Bluff — 33.05°N, 88.56°WPrairie Bluff — 32.90°N, 88.46°WPrairie Bluff — 32.61°N, 88.24°WPrairie Bluff — 32.43°N, 88.04°WPrairie Bluff — 32.39°N, 87.92°WPrairie Bluff — 32.23°N, 87.50°WPrairie Bluff — 32.14°N, 87.42°WPrairie Bluff — 32.07°N, 87.33°WPrairie Bluff — 32.04°N, 87.26°WPrairie Bluff — 32.08°N, 87.03°WPrairie Bluff — 32.05°N, 86.81°WPrairie Bluff — 32.05°N, 86.81°WPrairie Bluff — 31.97°N, 86.72°WPrairie Bluff — 32.00°N, 86.48°WPrairie Bluff — 31.98°N, 86.00°WPrairie Bluff — 31.98°N, 85.92°WGurabo — 19.48°N, 71.09°WGurabo — 19.53°N, 71.20°WGurabo — 19.48°N, 70.98°WGurabo — 19.30°N, 70.50°WGurabo — 19.45°N, 70.70°WGurabo — 19.53°N, 71.33°WGurabo — 19.30°N, 71.67°WGurabo — 19.58°N, 71.05°WGurabo — 18.93°N, 71.62°WByram — 32.41°N, 90.84°WByram — 32.12°N, 90.53°WCook Mountain — 32.32°N, 89.16°WCook Mountain — 32.04°N, 88.73°WCook Mountain — 31.09°N, 95.95°WCook Mountain — 31.20°N, 95.73°WCook Mountain — 30.63°N, 96.55°WCook Mountain — 30.64°N, 96.52°WBarton Beds — 51.28°N, 0.63°WBarton Beds — 50.78°N, 1.73°WBarton Beds — 50.85°N, 1.78°WBarton Beds — 50.74°N, 1.69°WLlajas — 34.31°N, 118.67°WLlajas — 34.24°N, 118.75°WCastle Hayne — 34.64°N, 77.65°WCastle Hayne — 34.37°N, 77.86°WCastle Hayne — 34.23°N, 77.94°WCastle Hayne — 34.66°N, 77.70°WCastle Hayne — 34.36°N, 77.82°WMoodys Branch — 32.03°N, 92.02°WMoodys Branch — 32.28°N, 90.18°WMoodys Branch — 31.67°N, 92.89°WRosario — 29.52°N, 115.25°WWeches — 30.67°N, 96.37°WWeches — 30.00°N, 97.15°WWeches — 30.68°N, 96.58°WWeches — 31.21°N, 96.02°WWeches — 31.35°N, 95.68°WWeches — 31.00°N, 96.83°WFalun de Jeurs — 48.48°N, 2.23°EInglis Limestone — 29.02°N, 82.64°WInglis Limestone — 29.05°N, 82.45°WInglis Limestone — 29.03°N, 82.67°WInglis Limestone — 28.92°N, 82.46°WLellinge Greensand — 55.71°N, 12.60°EAmeki — 5.00°N, 7.50°EMartinez — 38.05°N, 122.15°WMartinez — 38.02°N, 122.10°WCayo Agua — 9.18°N, 82.05°WCayo Agua — 9.17°N, 82.04°WCayo Agua — 9.14°N, 82.01°WMount Laurel Sand — 39.55°N, 75.65°WCoffee Sand — 34.26°N, 88.70°WCoffee Sand — 32.62°N, 89.53°WCoffee Sand — 34.45°N, 88.58°WRipley — 35.23°N, 88.61°WRipley — 34.49°N, 89.01°WRipley — 35.32°N, 88.42°WRipley — 35.29°N, 88.60°WSelsey — 50.73°N, 0.78°WSuwannee Limestone — 30.63°N, 85.59°WSuwannee Limestone — 28.56°N, 82.39°WSuwannee Limestone — 30.28°N, 83.71°WBowden — 17.88°N, 76.28°WEsmeraldas — 0.95°N, 79.62°WEsmeraldas — 0.95°N, 79.74°WEsmeraldas — 0.85°N, 78.98°WGheldeis — 9.23°N, 50.67°EGheldeis — 9.60°N, 50.78°EGheldeis — 9.50°N, 50.63°EGheldeis — 7.87°N, 49.80°E

Loading coastlines…

The named rock units Xenophoridae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 164 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 97 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Xenophoridae and its relatives

Miocene

Where Xenophoridae and its relatives were recorded in the Miocene.

Found in the same rock

3,490 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 385 sites for Xenophoridae, and this reads 240 of them. Of that, one read hit the database's own return limit, so every count below is a floor rather than a total. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

190 references

Each of the 553 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 178 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Xenophoridae

Credit
Wilson44691
Licence
CC BY-SA 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Xenophoridae was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itXenophoroidea through timeFormations of the MioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Troschel 1852