Equinae

Equinae is a subfamily of the family Equidae, known from the Hemingfordian stage of the Early Miocene onwards. They originated in North America, before dispersing to every continent except Australia and Antarctica. They are thought to be a monophyletic grouping. Members of the subfamily are referred to as equines; the only extant equines are the horses, asses and zebras of the genus Equus, with two other genera Haringtonhippus and Hippidion becoming extinct at the beginning of the Holocene, around 11–12,000 years ago.

Equinae

Vijayanrajapuram · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
EquidaePBDB
Diet
grazer, browserPBDB
Life habit
ground dwellingPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Eutheria

Time the record covers

At least 23 million years on record.

The record covers at least 23.04 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 27.3 Mya to 0 Mya.

Oligocene — about 1 of 4856 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 2266 of 4856 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 616 of 4856 occurrencesPliocenePleistocene — about 1912 of 4856 occurrencesPleistocene28–27 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences27–26 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences26–25 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences25–24 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences24–23 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences23–22 Mya — about 15 occurrences22–21 Mya — about 18 occurrences21–20 Mya — about 18 occurrences20–19 Mya — about 19 occurrences19–19 Mya — about 19 occurrences19–18 Mya — about 49 occurrences18–17 Mya — about 51 occurrences17–16 Mya — about 95 occurrences16–15 Mya — about 133 occurrences15–14 Mya — about 133 occurrences14–13 Mya — about 135 occurrences13–12 Mya — about 171 occurrences12–11 Mya — about 220 occurrences11–10 Mya — about 235 occurrences10–9.3 Mya — about 229 occurrences9.3–8.4 Mya — about 173 occurrences8.4–7.4 Mya — about 174 occurrences7.4–6.5 Mya — about 168 occurrences6.5–5.6 Mya — about 168 occurrences5.6–4.6 Mya — about 185 occurrences4.6–3.7 Mya — about 185 occurrences3.7–2.8 Mya — about 235 occurrences2.8–1.9 Mya — about 521 occurrences1.9–928 ka Mya — about 504 occurrences928 ka–0 Mya — about 1003 occurrences23.04 Mya11.7 ka27.8 Mya0 Mya

4,856 occurrences of Equinae on record, most of them in the Miocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

4,856 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

399 formations

Ash Hollow — 42.80°N, 100.80°WAsh Hollow — 41.20°N, 101.80°WAsh Hollow — 42.39°N, 98.10°WAsh Hollow — 40.50°N, 100.50°WAsh Hollow — 42.60°N, 98.00°WAsh Hollow — 42.70°N, 100.00°WAsh Hollow — 41.70°N, 103.10°WAsh Hollow — 41.30°N, 105.10°WAsh Hollow — 43.20°N, 100.70°WAsh Hollow — 41.30°N, 101.89°WAsh Hollow — 43.40°N, 100.60°WAsh Hollow — 41.40°N, 102.40°WAsh Hollow — 42.30°N, 98.00°WAsh Hollow — 43.30°N, 102.50°WAsh Hollow — 41.10°N, 103.00°WAsh Hollow — 42.80°N, 99.70°WAsh Hollow — 42.63°N, 100.05°WShungura — 5.04°N, 36.00°EShungura — 5.06°N, 36.02°EShungura — 5.15°N, 36.04°EShungura — 5.09°N, 36.06°EValentine — 42.70°N, 100.00°WValentine — 42.49°N, 98.11°WValentine — 42.80°N, 100.80°WValentine — 42.80°N, 99.70°WValentine — 42.81°N, 100.05°WValentine — 40.02°N, 98.53°WValentine — 42.78°N, 100.03°WValentine — 40.10°N, 98.50°WValentine — 42.90°N, 98.80°WValentine — 43.20°N, 99.80°WValentine — 42.60°N, 98.00°WValentine — 42.70°N, 102.50°WKoobi Fora — 3.90°N, 36.24°EKoobi Fora — 3.98°N, 36.32°EKoobi Fora — 4.07°N, 36.37°EKoobi Fora — 3.87°N, 36.37°EKoobi Fora — 4.31°N, 36.28°EKoobi Fora — 4.22°N, 36.43°EKoobi Fora — 4.28°N, 36.24°EKoobi Fora — 3.94°N, 36.25°EKoobi Fora — 4.24°N, 36.28°EKoobi Fora — 3.78°N, 36.39°EKoobi Fora — 3.59°N, 36.24°EKoobi Fora — 3.75°N, 36.34°EKoobi Fora — 4.28°N, 36.38°EKoobi Fora — 4.06°N, 36.33°EPalm Spring — 32.90°N, 117.10°WPeace River — 27.90°N, 81.80°WPeace River — 27.00°N, 82.20°WPeace River — 27.50°N, 82.50°WPeace River — 27.68°N, 81.95°WPeace River — 27.81°N, 81.91°W"unnamed sandstone" — 33.90°N, 117.00°WGoliad — 28.60°N, 97.70°WGoliad — 28.34°N, 97.96°WGoliad — 28.53°N, 97.74°WGoliad — 28.70°N, 97.39°WOgallala — 36.80°N, 100.50°WOgallala — 39.80°N, 99.40°WOgallala — 36.70°N, 101.40°WOgallala — 35.70°N, 102.30°WOgallala — 38.90°N, 101.70°WOgallala — 37.20°N, 99.90°WOgallala — 39.08°N, 99.77°WOgallala — 43.20°N, 107.10°WOgallala — 35.68°N, 99.60°WOgallala — 39.02°N, 99.52°WOgallala — 35.83°N, 99.98°WOgallala — 35.88°N, 99.85°WOgallala — 35.79°N, 99.65°WOgallala — 35.77°N, 99.57°WOgallala — 35.53°N, 99.71°WOgallala — 36.78°N, 100.37°WOgallala — 35.40°N, 101.40°WOgallala — 39.95°N, 99.53°WFleming — 30.72°N, 95.28°WFleming — 31.00°N, 93.67°WFleming — 30.61°N, 95.13°WFleming — 31.10°N, 93.10°WFleming — 29.70°N, 96.70°WFleming — 30.59°N, 94.91°WFleming — 30.70°N, 94.70°WFleming — 30.50°N, 95.00°WFleming — 30.30°N, 95.70°WFleming — 31.05°N, 93.21°WWood Mountain — 49.20°N, 106.20°WWood Mountain — 49.17°N, 105.99°WBarstow — 34.80°N, 117.00°WBarstow — 35.07°N, 117.08°WNachukui — 4.25°N, 35.79°ENachukui — 4.15°N, 35.74°ENachukui — 4.67°N, 35.75°ENachukui — 4.19°N, 35.77°ENachukui — 4.00°N, 35.73°ENachukui — 4.10°N, 35.77°ENachukui — 2.90°N, 36.05°ENachukui — 3.08°N, 35.83°ENachukui — 3.87°N, 35.72°ENachukui — 4.11°N, 35.73°ENachukui — 4.53°N, 35.92°ENachukui — 3.68°N, 35.75°ENachukui — 3.87°N, 35.76°EAlachua — 29.80°N, 82.10°WAlachua — 29.55°N, 82.52°WAlachua — 29.65°N, 82.60°WAlachua — 29.40°N, 82.60°WAlachua — 29.10°N, 82.30°WBopesta — 35.19°N, 118.28°WBopesta — 35.30°N, 118.50°WBopesta — 35.18°N, 118.24°WMascall — 44.90°N, 120.20°WMascall — 44.20°N, 120.50°WMascall — 44.70°N, 121.20°WMascall — 44.50°N, 119.30°WMascall — 44.52°N, 119.67°WMascall — 44.00°N, 120.13°WCaliente — 34.30°N, 119.00°WCaliente — 35.10°N, 120.00°WOlcott — 42.19°N, 103.73°WOlcott — 42.40°N, 103.80°WNkondo — 1.50°N, 31.00°EPunchbowl — 34.80°N, 117.00°WPunchbowl — 34.00°N, 118.20°WPunchbowl — 32.97°N, 116.68°WPunchbowl — 34.41°N, 117.85°WRancho Viejo Beds — 21.08°N, 100.67°WRancho Viejo Beds — 21.20°N, 100.70°WRancho Viejo Beds — 21.10°N, 100.80°WRancho Viejo Beds — 21.03°N, 100.75°WRancho Viejo Beds — 21.00°N, 100.70°WStatenville — 30.40°N, 83.00°WStatenville — 30.90°N, 82.90°WMR Caliente — 34.30°N, 119.00°WVogel River Series — 3.23°S, 36.19°EVogel River Series — 3.24°S, 35.22°EVogel River Series — 3.01°S, 35.20°EVogel River Series — 3.25°S, 35.20°EVogel River Series — 3.13°S, 35.13°E

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The named rock units Equinae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 375 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 2,119 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Equinae and its relatives

Miocene

Where Equinae and its relatives were recorded in the Miocene.

Found in the same rock

1,000 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records at least 1,105 sites for Equinae, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

1,191 references

Each of the 4,856 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 1,179 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Equinae

Credit
Vijayanrajapuram
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Equinae was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itEquidae through timeFormations of the MioceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Steinmann and Döderlein 1890