Fragum

Fragum is a genus of cockles, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Cardiidae. Members of the genus have characteristic thick, sculptured shells and live buried in sand, extending their siphons to the surface to feed and breathe. They are found in the Indo-Pacific region and the Red Sea.

Fragum

Richard Parker · CC BY 2.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
FraginaePBDB
Diet
suspension feederPBDB
Life habit
infaunalPBDB
Motility
facultatively mobilePBDB
Vision
blindPBDB, for Bivalvia

Time the record covers

At least 85 million years on record.

The record covers at least 85.7 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 89.8 Mya to 0 Mya.

Late Cretaceous — about 8 of 69 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 0 of 69 occurrencesEocene — about 3 of 69 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 5 of 69 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 18 of 69 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 3 of 69 occurrencesPleistocene — about 30 of 69 occurrences92–89 Mya — about 2 occurrences89–85 Mya — about 4 occurrences85–82 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences82–79 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences79–76 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences76–73 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences73–70 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences70–67 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences67–64 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences58–55 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences55–52 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences52–49 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences49–46 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences46–43 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences43–40 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences40–37 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences37–34 Mya — about 1 occurrence34–31 Mya — about 2 occurrences31–27 Mya — about 2 occurrences27–24 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences24–21 Mya — about 2 occurrences21–18 Mya — about 7 occurrences18–15 Mya — about 7 occurrences15–12 Mya — about 1 occurrence12–9.2 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences6.1–3.1 Mya — about 2 occurrences3.1–0 Mya — about 33 occurrences85.7 Mya11.7 ka92 Mya0 Mya

69 occurrences of Fragum on record, most of them in the Pleistocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

69 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

21 formations

Oak Grove — 30.92°N, 86.57°WTamala Limestone — 32.04°S, 115.76°EPirabas — 0.80°S, 47.13°WPirabas — 1.00°S, 48.00°WPirabas — 1.23°S, 47.40°WPirabas — 0.48°S, 48.17°WPirabas — 1.66°S, 45.37°WFalun de Pierrefitte — 48.50°N, 2.25°EDampier Limestone — 25.53°S, 113.48°EChipola — 30.57°N, 85.84°WChipola — 30.43°N, 84.98°WShoal River — 30.72°N, 86.12°WTagpochau — 15.18°N, 145.76°EHerschell Limestone — 32.00°S, 115.52°EAldabra Limestone — 9.42°S, 46.45°ESimsima — 24.87°N, 55.95°ENagura Gravel — 24.43°N, 124.23°ERyukyu Limestone — 24.50°N, 124.26°EConglomerat de Pierrefitte — 48.50°N, 2.25°EAmeki — 5.57°N, 7.52°EBaghmara — 25.17°N, 90.67°EIlaro — 6.70°N, 3.23°EEsprit Limestone — 9.42°S, 46.45°EUpper Kalibeng — 7.37°S, 111.32°ETroy Limestone — 18.07°N, 76.75°WFalse Bay Coral Limestone — 28.37°S, 32.40°E

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The named rock units Fragum has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 22 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Fragum and its relatives

Pleistocene

Where Fragum and its relatives were recorded in the Pleistocene.

Found in the same rock

1,040 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 47 sites for Fragum, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

26 references

Each of the 69 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 14 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content2

Picture of Fragum

Credit
Richard Parker
Licence
CC BY 2.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC0 Public Domain
Commercial use
the licence allows it

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itFraginae through timeFormations of the PleistoceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. (Ršding 1798)