Gymnarthridae

Gymnarthridae is an extinct family of the group Recumbirostra. Gymnarthrids are known from Europe and North America and existed from the Late Carboniferous through the Early Permian. Remains have been found from the Czech Republic, Nova Scotia, Illinois, Texas, and Oklahoma. Previously they were considered tuditanomorph microsaurs.

Gymnarthridae

Nobu Tamura ( http://spinops.blogspot.com ) · CC BY 3.0 · via Wikidata/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
RecumbirostraPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Amniota

Time the record covers

At least 33 million years on record.

The record covers at least 316.9 Mya to 283.3 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 318.7 Mya to 251.902 Mya.

Carboniferous — about 6 of 28 occurrencesCarboniferousPermian — about 22 of 28 occurrencesPermianEarly Triassic — about 0 of 28 occurrences320–318 Mya — about 2 occurrences318–315 Mya — about 2 occurrences315–313 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences311–308 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences308–306 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences299–297 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences297–295 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences295–292 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences292–290 Mya — about 1 occurrence290–288 Mya — about 3 occurrences288–285 Mya — about 2 occurrences285–283 Mya — about 2 occurrences283–281 Mya — about 3 occurrences281–278 Mya — about 3 occurrences278–276 Mya — about 3 occurrences276–274 Mya — about 2 occurrences274–271 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences271–269 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences269–267 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences267–264 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences264–262 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences262–260 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences260–258 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences258–255 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences255–253 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences253–251 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences316.9 Mya283.3 Mya320 Mya251 Mya

28 occurrences of Gymnarthridae on record, most of them in the Permian. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

28 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

11 formations

Arroyo — 33.77°N, 99.22°WArroyo — 33.97°N, 99.20°WArroyo — 33.70°N, 99.27°WJoggins — 45.70°N, 64.45°WHennessey — 34.19°N, 98.79°WVale — 33.70°N, 99.60°WGarber Sandstone — 34.58°N, 98.85°WGarber Sandstone — 34.53°N, 98.89°WPetrolia — 33.69°N, 99.02°WBlack Prince Limestone — 31.73°N, 109.57°WCutler — 36.16°N, 106.65°WSpeiser Shale — 38.87°N, 96.15°WKladno — 49.71°N, 13.21°EClyde — 33.77°N, 99.10°W

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The named rock units Gymnarthridae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 5 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Gymnarthridae and its relatives

Permian

Where Gymnarthridae and its relatives were recorded in the Permian.

Found in the same rock

282 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 18 sites for Gymnarthridae, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

19 references

Each of the 28 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 7 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Gymnarthridae

Credit
Nobu Tamura ( http://spinops.blogspot.com )
Licence
CC BY 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Gymnarthridae was found in MorphoSource and Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itRecumbirostra through timeFormations of the PermianThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Case 1910