Holmesina

Holmesina is an extinct genus of pampathere, a group of armadillo-like xenarthrans that were distantly related to extant armadillos. Like armadillos, and unlike the other extinct branch of megafaunal cingulates the glyptodonts, the shell was made up of flexible plates which allowed the animal to move more easily.

Holmesina

Xvazquez · Public Domain · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
PampatheriidaePBDB
Diet
omnivorePBDB, for Xenarthra
Life habit
ground dwellingPBDB, for Xenarthra
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Eutheria

Time the record covers

At least 2.4 million years on record.

The record covers at least 2.58 Mya to 129 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 4.7 Mya to 0 Mya.

Pliocene — about 9 of 108 occurrencesPliocenePleistocene — about 99 of 108 occurrencesPleistoceneHolocene — about 0 of 108 occurrences4.9–4.7 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences4.7–4.5 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences4.5–4.3 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences4.3–4.2 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences4.2–4.0 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences4.0–3.8 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences3.8–3.6 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences3.6–3.5 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences3.5–3.3 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences3.3–3.1 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences3.1–2.9 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences2.9–2.8 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences2.8–2.6 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences2.6–2.4 Mya — about 3 occurrences2.4–2.3 Mya — about 3 occurrences2.3–2.1 Mya — about 3 occurrences2.1–1.9 Mya — about 3 occurrences1.9–1.7 Mya — about 3 occurrences1.7–1.6 Mya — about 3 occurrences1.6–1.4 Mya — about 3 occurrences1.4–1.2 Mya — about 5 occurrences1.2–1.0 Mya — about 5 occurrences1.0–867 ka Mya — about 5 occurrences867 ka–693 ka Mya — about 4 occurrences693 ka–520 ka Mya — about 4 occurrences520 ka–347 ka Mya — about 5 occurrences347 ka–173 ka Mya — about 7 occurrences173 ka–0 Mya — about 46 occurrences2.58 Mya129 ka5.2 Mya0 Mya

108 occurrences of Holmesina on record, most of them in the Pleistocene. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

108 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

22 formations

Bermont — 28.80°N, 82.20°WBermont — 27.70°N, 82.50°WBermont — 26.90°N, 82.00°WBermont — 27.00°N, 82.20°WTamiami — 27.37°N, 82.45°WTamiami — 27.30°N, 80.80°WTamiami — 27.78°N, 82.68°WWaccamaw — 33.10°N, 80.31°WWaccamaw — 33.00°N, 80.18°WWaccamaw — 33.67°N, 79.83°WChapala — 20.30°N, 103.20°WSan Gregorio — 11.30°N, 70.24°WTacubaya — 21.80°N, 102.30°WCaloosahatchee — 27.04°N, 81.82°WSeymour — 33.75°N, 99.50°WFort Thompson — 27.80°N, 82.80°WSilver Bluff — 32.56°N, 80.29°WPaso Real — 8.86°N, 83.07°WTen Mile Hill — 32.97°N, 80.17°WShuler — 32.71°N, 96.71°WPinecrest — 27.35°N, 82.37°WCapadare — 10.86°N, 68.59°WSanta Vitória — 33.74°S, 53.37°WMesa — 9.85°N, 63.33°WRio Madeira — 10.05°S, 65.33°WSalto Ander Egg — 32.07°S, 60.55°WBeaumont — 29.66°N, 94.09°WYupoi — 28.60°S, 59.03°WTouro Passo — 29.67°S, 56.87°W

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The named rock units Holmesina has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 77 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Holmesina and its relatives

Pleistocene

Where Holmesina and its relatives were recorded in the Pleistocene.

Found in the same rock

1,117 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 101 sites for Holmesina, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

67 references

Each of the 108 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 55 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content3

Picture of Holmesina

Credit
Xvazquez
Licence
Public Domain
Commercial use
the licence allows it

Photogrammetry

Licence
not stated by the source
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record
Specimen
Holmesina septentrionalis · UF:VP:9336

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC Attribution
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itPampatheriidae through timeFormations of the PleistoceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Simpson 1930