Muntiacus

Muntjacs, also known as the barking deer or rib-faced deer, are small deer of the genus Muntiacus native to South Asia and Southeast Asia. Muntjacs are thought to have begun appearing 15–35 million years ago, with remains found in Miocene deposits in France, Germany and Poland. Most are listed as least-concern species or Data Deficient by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), although others such as the black muntjac, Bornean yellow muntjac, and giant muntjac are vulnerable, near threatened, and critically endangered, respectively.

Muntiacus

Dr. Raju Kasambe · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Also called
muntjakPBDB
Sits inside
MuntiaciniPBDB
Diet
grazer, browserPBDB, for Cervidae
Life habit
ground dwellingPBDB, for Cervidae
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Artiodactyla

Time the record covers

At least 7.2 million years on record.

The record covers at least 7.246 Mya to 11.7 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 11.63 Mya to 0 Mya.

Miocene — about 14 of 61 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 6 of 61 occurrencesPliocenePleistocene — about 37 of 61 occurrencesPleistoceneHolocene — about 3 of 61 occurrences12–11 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences11–11 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences11–11 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences11–10 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences10–9.7 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences9.7–9.3 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences9.3–8.9 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences8.9–8.5 Mya — about 1 occurrence8.5–8.1 Mya — about 1 occurrence8.1–7.7 Mya — about 1 occurrence7.7–7.3 Mya — about 1 occurrence7.3–6.9 Mya — about 1 occurrence6.9–6.5 Mya — about 1 occurrence6.5–6.1 Mya — about 1 occurrence6.1–5.7 Mya — about 1 occurrence5.7–5.3 Mya — about 1 occurrence5.3–4.9 Mya — about 1 occurrence4.9–4.4 Mya — about 1 occurrence4.4–4.0 Mya — about 1 occurrence4.0–3.6 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences3.6–3.2 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences3.2–2.8 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences2.8–2.4 Mya — about 2 occurrences2.4–2.0 Mya — about 3 occurrences2.0–1.6 Mya — about 3 occurrences1.6–1.2 Mya — about 3 occurrences1.2–809 ka Mya — about 3 occurrences809 ka–404 ka Mya — about 8 occurrences404 ka–0 Mya — about 19 occurrences7.246 Mya11.7 ka12.1 Mya0 Mya

61 occurrences of Muntiacus on record, most of them in the Pleistocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

61 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

4 formations

Yuanmou — 24.87°N, 100.94°EZhaotong — 27.32°N, 103.72°EHengchun Limestone — 21.97°N, 120.81°EXiaohe — 25.72°N, 101.87°E

Loading coastlines…

The named rock units Muntiacus has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 56 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Muntiacus and its relatives

Pleistocene

Where Muntiacus and its relatives were recorded in the Pleistocene.

Found in the same rock

600 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 54 sites for Muntiacus, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

40 references

Each of the 61 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 28 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content3

Picture of Muntiacus

Credit
Dr. Raju Kasambe
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

Structured light scan

Licence
In Copyright
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record
Specimen
Muntiacus sp. · nmv:mammalogy:C36742

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Credit
zmmu
Licence
CC Attribution
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itMuntiacini through timeFormations of the PleistoceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Rafinesque 1815