Orthoidea

Orthoidea is a superfamily of brachiopods belonging to the order Orthida. Along with the superfamily Plectorthoidea, they constitute the suborder Orthidina - the impunctate group of Orthids. Their fossil record ranges from the Cambrian Series 2 to the Early Devonian, and include the oldest members of the order Orthida as well as the last members of the suborder Orthidina.

Orthoidea

via iDigBio · CC BY · via iDigBio. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
OrthidinaPBDB
Diet
suspension feederPBDB, for Orthida
Life habit
epifaunalPBDB, for Orthida
Motility
stationary, attachedPBDB, for Orthida
Vision
blindPBDB, for Rhynchonellata
Environment
marinePBDB, for Lophophorata

Time the record covers

At least 341 million years on record.

The record covers at least 509.7 Mya to 168.2 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 516 Mya to 165.3 Mya.

Cambrian — about 100 of 5464 occurrencesCambrianOrdovician — about 4542 of 5464 occurrencesOrdovicianSilurian — about 728 of 5464 occurrencesDevonian — about 82 of 5464 occurrencesDevonianCarboniferous — about 3 of 5464 occurrencesCarboniferousPermian — about 8 of 5464 occurrencesPermianEarly Triassic — about 0 of 5464 occurrencesMiddle Triassic — about 0 of 5464 occurrencesLate Triassic — about 0 of 5464 occurrencesEarly Jurassic — about 0 of 5464 occurrencesMiddle Jurassic — about 1 of 5464 occurrencesLate Jurassic — about 0 of 5464 occurrences523–511 Mya — about 7 occurrences511–499 Mya — about 74 occurrences499–487 Mya — about 20 occurrences487–474 Mya — about 251 occurrences474–462 Mya — about 1473 occurrences462–450 Mya — about 1794 occurrences450–438 Mya — about 1350 occurrences438–426 Mya — about 295 occurrences426–414 Mya — about 129 occurrences414–401 Mya — about 34 occurrences401–389 Mya — about 6 occurrences389–377 Mya — about 19 occurrences377–365 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences365–353 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences341–328 Mya — about 3 occurrences304–292 Mya — about 2 occurrences292–280 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences268–256 Mya — about 4 occurrences256–243 Mya — about 2 occurrences170–158 Mya — about 1 occurrence509.7 Mya168.2 Mya523 Mya158 Mya

5,464 occurrences of Orthoidea on record, most of them in the Ordovician. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group, and the chart stops with its fossils rather than at the present. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

5,464 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

784 formations

Antelope Valley — 36.88°N, 116.67°WAntelope Valley — 39.09°N, 116.85°WAntelope Valley — 36.78°N, 115.89°WAntelope Valley — 38.05°N, 116.45°WAntelope Valley — 37.35°N, 115.77°WAntelope Valley — 38.96°N, 116.49°WAntelope Valley — 36.65°N, 116.17°WAntelope Valley — 38.53°N, 116.40°WAntelope Valley — 37.34°N, 115.38°WAntelope Valley — 39.20°N, 116.25°WAntelope Valley — 39.00°N, 116.62°WAntelope Valley — 39.60°N, 116.26°WAntelope Valley — 37.12°N, 116.50°WAntelope Valley — 36.39°N, 116.61°WAntelope Valley — 36.79°N, 117.54°WAntelope Valley — 38.28°N, 116.42°WAntelope Valley — 36.27°N, 115.68°WAntelope Valley — 38.82°N, 116.50°WAntelope Valley — 39.23°N, 116.41°WAntelope Valley — 39.07°N, 116.72°WAntelope Valley — 36.40°N, 117.33°WBenbolt — 35.91°N, 84.09°WBenbolt — 36.72°N, 82.68°WBenbolt — 37.10°N, 81.34°WBenbolt — 37.00°N, 81.00°WBenbolt — 37.02°N, 81.63°WBenbolt — 37.22°N, 81.36°WBenbolt — 37.23°N, 81.10°WBenbolt — 37.23°N, 81.32°WBenbolt — 37.08°N, 81.71°WBenbolt — 37.10°N, 81.56°WBenbolt — 37.11°N, 81.52°WBenbolt — 37.27°N, 81.00°WBenbolt — 37.00°N, 81.67°WBenbolt — 36.19°N, 83.93°WVolkhov — 59.87°N, 31.43°EVolkhov — 59.90°N, 31.58°EVolkhov — 59.68°N, 30.17°EVolkhov — 59.97°N, 32.57°EVolkhov — 59.82°N, 32.20°EDawan — 33.00°N, 111.00°EDawan — 27.00°N, 108.00°EDawan — 32.00°N, 108.00°EDawan — 29.00°N, 109.00°EDawan — 30.00°N, 111.00°EDawan — 31.00°N, 111.00°EDawan — 27.00°N, 101.00°EDawan — 32.00°N, 118.00°EDawan — 31.00°N, 118.00°EDawan — 30.00°N, 116.00°EDawan — 32.00°N, 119.00°EDawan — 30.89°N, 111.41°EDawan — 30.86°N, 110.37°EVaureal — 49.82°N, 64.35°WVaureal — 49.81°N, 64.43°WVaureal — 49.77°N, 63.64°WVaureal — 49.91°N, 64.24°WVaureal — 49.63°N, 63.20°WVaureal — 49.73°N, 63.83°WVaureal — 49.63°N, 63.78°WVaureal — 49.46°N, 62.35°WVaureal — 49.46°N, 62.31°WVaureal — 49.75°N, 63.14°WVaureal — 49.80°N, 63.89°WVaureal — 49.61°N, 62.60°WVaureal — 49.58°N, 62.51°WVaureal — 49.79°N, 63.24°WVaureal — 49.60°N, 62.69°WVaureal — 49.76°N, 63.06°WDashaba — 28.33°N, 103.83°EKangaroo Creek — 41.37°N, 122.69°WNinemile — 39.10°N, 116.26°WNinemile — 39.20°N, 116.44°WNinemile — 37.00°N, 116.00°WNinemile — 38.00°N, 117.00°WNinemile — 39.00°N, 116.00°WNinemile — 38.28°N, 116.42°WNinemile — 36.65°N, 116.17°WNinemile — 37.34°N, 115.38°WNinemile — 37.30°N, 115.80°WNinemile — 39.20°N, 116.25°WNinemile — 36.79°N, 117.54°WNinemile — 37.12°N, 116.50°WNinemile — 36.27°N, 115.68°WNinemile — 39.22°N, 115.53°WKanosh Shale — 38.78°N, 113.59°WKanosh Shale — 38.60°N, 113.75°WKanosh Shale — 39.89°N, 113.37°WKanosh Shale — 38.85°N, 113.46°WKanosh Shale — 38.87°N, 113.42°WKanosh Shale — 38.88°N, 113.47°WKanosh Shale — 38.69°N, 112.60°WKanosh Shale — 39.18°N, 113.48°WFosses — 50.34°N, 5.08°EFosses — 50.36°N, 4.60°EFosses — 50.40°N, 4.90°EFosses — 50.40°N, 4.72°EHenryhouse — 35.08°N, 98.24°WHenryhouse — 35.00°N, 97.00°WHenryhouse — 34.37°N, 97.00°WHenryhouse — 34.60°N, 97.03°WHenryhouse — 34.62°N, 96.63°WHenryhouse — 34.66°N, 96.68°WHenryhouse — 34.77°N, 96.67°WHenryhouse — 34.68°N, 96.76°WDolbor — 63.00°N, 95.00°EDolbor — 62.14°N, 91.56°EDolbor — 62.14°N, 91.49°EDolbor — 62.15°N, 91.43°EDolbor — 62.95°N, 108.60°ELiberty — 39.42°N, 85.01°WLiberty — 38.20°N, 85.57°WLiberty — 39.49°N, 84.95°WLiberty — 39.34°N, 84.95°WLiberty — 39.48°N, 84.06°WLiberty — 39.48°N, 84.05°WLiberty — 38.78°N, 85.37°WLiberty — 39.64°N, 84.94°WLiberty — 39.08°N, 85.25°WLiberty — 39.46°N, 85.01°WLiberty — 39.64°N, 84.96°WKõrgessaare — 58.98°N, 22.46°EKõrgessaare — 58.98°N, 22.81°EKõrgessaare — 59.19°N, 25.84°EKõrgessaare — 59.08°N, 23.61°EKõrgessaare — 59.13°N, 24.47°EKõrgessaare — 59.17°N, 24.75°EKõrgessaare — 59.03°N, 23.22°EKõrgessaare — 59.02°N, 23.14°EKõrgessaare — 59.02°N, 23.61°EKõrgessaare — 58.95°N, 22.43°EKõrgessaare — 59.27°N, 25.85°EKõrgessaare — 59.19°N, 24.95°ECrown Point — 44.62°N, 73.42°WCrown Point — 44.68°N, 73.45°WCrown Point — 44.87°N, 73.48°WCrown Point — 44.58°N, 73.53°WCrown Point — 43.95°N, 73.44°WCrown Point — 44.24°N, 73.31°WUzunbulak — 43.92°N, 75.25°EUzunbulak — 43.91°N, 75.44°EUzunbulak — 44.09°N, 75.14°EUzunbulak — 44.04°N, 75.12°EUzunbulak — 43.82°N, 75.31°ESolvik — 59.92°N, 10.75°ESolvik — 59.83°N, 10.43°ESolvik — 59.83°N, 10.47°ESolvik — 59.86°N, 10.56°EWaynesville — 39.00°N, 84.00°WWaynesville — 39.34°N, 84.95°WWaynesville — 39.48°N, 84.06°WWaynesville — 39.43°N, 84.65°WWaynesville — 39.64°N, 84.64°WWaynesville — 39.58°N, 84.91°WWaynesville — 39.07°N, 85.07°WWaynesville — 39.07°N, 85.25°WWaynesville — 39.08°N, 85.25°WWaynesville — 39.19°N, 83.93°WWaynesville — 39.29°N, 83.99°WWaynesville — 39.34°N, 85.20°WWaynesville — 39.36°N, 84.15°WWaynesville — 39.42°N, 83.99°WWaynesville — 39.44°N, 85.00°WWaynesville — 39.53°N, 84.47°WWhittaker — 62.00°N, 127.00°WWhittaker — 63.77°N, 125.27°WWhittaker — 61.52°N, 124.87°WWhittaker — 62.47°N, 124.85°WWhittaker — 63.28°N, 125.35°WWhittaker — 61.48°N, 125.05°WWhittaker — 62.46°N, 124.88°WWhittaker — 63.17°N, 127.97°WWhittaker — 62.70°N, 127.93°WWhittaker — 61.63°N, 125.73°WWhittaker — 61.72°N, 125.93°WWhittaker — 62.12°N, 126.68°WWhittaker — 62.38°N, 127.00°WWhittaker — 62.50°N, 125.25°WWhittaker — 63.10°N, 127.40°WObukhovo — 59.77°N, 30.33°EObukhovo — 59.87°N, 31.43°EObukhovo — 59.90°N, 32.35°EObukhovo — 60.05°N, 32.59°EGarden City — 40.16°N, 110.40°WGarden City — 41.97°N, 111.47°WGarden City — 42.11°N, 111.63°WGarden City — 41.92°N, 112.15°WGarden City — 41.78°N, 111.64°WGarden City — 41.77°N, 111.77°WGarden City — 41.52°N, 111.94°WGarden City — 41.74°N, 111.83°WGarden City — 39.08°N, 116.25°WHorseshoe Gulch — 41.42°N, 122.77°WSan Juan — 30.00°S, 69.00°WSan Juan — 31.00°S, 69.00°WSan Juan — 30.50°S, 68.75°WSan Juan — 30.28°S, 68.68°WSillaoru — 59.87°N, 31.43°ESillaoru — 60.05°N, 32.59°ESillaoru — 59.88°N, 31.58°E

Loading coastlines…

The named rock units Orthoidea has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 760 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 748 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Orthoidea and its relatives

Ordovician

Where Orthoidea and its relatives were recorded in the Ordovician.

Found in the same rock

1,835 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records at least 1,175 sites for Orthoidea, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

620 references

Each of the 5,464 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 608 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Orthoidea

Source
iDigBio
Credit
via iDigBio
Licence
CC BY
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan was found. Smithsonian Open Access, MorphoSource and Sketchfab were all searched.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itOrthidina through timeFormations of the OrdovicianThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Woodward 1852