Titanosauria

Titanosaurs were a diverse group of sauropod dinosaurs, including genera from every continent. The titanosaurs were the last surviving group of long-necked sauropods, with taxa still thriving at the time of the extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous. This group includes some of the largest land animals known to have ever existed, such as Patagotitan, estimated at 37 m (121 ft) long with a mass of 69 tonnes, and the comparably sized Argentinosaurus and Puertasaurus from the same region.

Titanosauria

A Cynical Idealist · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
SomphospondyliPBDB
Diet
herbivorePBDB, for Sauropoda
Life habit
ground dwelling, gregariousPBDB, for Sauropoda
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Sauropoda
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Sauropoda

Time the record covers

At least 89 million years on record.

The record covers at least 161.5 Mya to 72.2 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 174.7 Mya to 66 Mya.

Early Jurassic — about 0 of 799 occurrencesMiddle Jurassic — about 1 of 799 occurrencesMiddle JurassicLate Jurassic — about 3 of 799 occurrencesLate JurassicEarly Cretaceous — about 67 of 799 occurrencesEarly CretaceousLate Cretaceous — about 728 of 799 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 0 of 799 occurrences177–173 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences173–169 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences169–166 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences166–162 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences162–158 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences158–154 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences154–150 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences150–147 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences147–143 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences143–139 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences139–135 Mya — about 3 occurrences135–132 Mya — about 3 occurrences132–128 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences128–124 Mya — about 3 occurrences124–120 Mya — about 8 occurrences120–117 Mya — about 11 occurrences117–113 Mya — about 11 occurrences113–109 Mya — about 10 occurrences109–105 Mya — about 9 occurrences105–102 Mya — about 6 occurrences102–98 Mya — about 18 occurrences98–94 Mya — about 23 occurrences94–90 Mya — about 17 occurrences90–86 Mya — about 26 occurrences86–83 Mya — about 52 occurrences83–79 Mya — about 56 occurrences79–75 Mya — about 56 occurrences75–71 Mya — about 103 occurrences71–68 Mya — about 266 occurrences68–64 Mya — about 113 occurrences161.5 Mya72.2 Mya177 Mya64 Mya

799 occurrences of Titanosauria on record, most of them in the Late Cretaceous. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

799 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

169 formations

Vitakri — 29.70°N, 69.40°EVitakri — 29.71°N, 69.49°EVitakri — 29.77°N, 69.45°EVitakri — 29.89°N, 69.70°EVitakri — 29.67°N, 69.59°EVitakri — 27.76°N, 67.17°EVitakri — 30.96°N, 69.14°EVitakri — 29.51°N, 69.87°ELameta — 21.18°N, 80.37°ELameta — 23.35°N, 80.37°ELameta — 23.17°N, 79.97°ELameta — 23.06°N, 73.34°ELameta — 20.90°N, 79.28°ELameta — 20.75°N, 79.48°ELameta — 23.13°N, 73.38°ELameta — 23.17°N, 79.95°ELameta — 21.00°N, 79.18°ELameta — 20.71°N, 79.29°ELameta — 20.35°N, 79.05°ELameta — 22.29°N, 74.53°ELameta — 21.42°N, 78.00°EAllen — 39.30°S, 67.53°WAllen — 40.06°S, 66.80°WAllen — 38.76°S, 67.98°WAllen — 39.57°S, 66.98°WAllen — 38.82°S, 68.07°WAllen — 37.52°S, 69.22°WAllen — 38.45°S, 68.69°WAllen — 39.95°S, 66.57°WAllen — 39.43°S, 67.29°WAllen — 39.13°S, 67.67°WAllen — 40.73°S, 67.17°WAllen — 39.47°S, 67.33°WAllen — 39.91°S, 66.57°WAllen — 39.50°S, 67.37°WAnacleto — 38.84°S, 68.04°WAnacleto — 39.25°S, 68.72°WAnacleto — 37.87°S, 67.83°WAnacleto — 39.12°S, 67.65°WAnacleto — 38.82°S, 68.07°WAnacleto — 37.88°S, 68.52°WAnacleto — 38.02°S, 68.50°WAnacleto — 38.09°S, 68.51°WAnacleto — 37.45°S, 68.94°WAnacleto — 38.84°S, 68.84°WAnacleto — 37.39°S, 69.14°WAnacleto — 35.45°S, 69.73°WAnacleto — 37.13°S, 69.33°WAnacleto — 39.38°S, 67.69°WAdamantina — 20.80°S, 49.38°WAdamantina — 21.10°S, 49.28°WAdamantina — 21.57°S, 51.28°WAdamantina — 21.94°S, 51.37°WAdamantina — 22.12°S, 51.44°WAdamantina — 21.63°S, 51.16°WAdamantina — 19.46°S, 49.25°WAdamantina — 25.73°S, 48.58°WAdamantina — 21.33°S, 48.58°WAdamantina — 20.97°S, 49.17°WAdamantina — 19.44°S, 49.26°WAdamantina — 19.44°S, 49.24°WAdamantina — 20.92°S, 50.45°WAdamantina — 21.74°S, 51.03°WSerra da Galga — 19.72°S, 47.75°WSerra da Galga — 19.72°S, 47.74°WSerra da Galga — 19.61°S, 47.97°WSerra da Galga — 19.60°S, 47.62°WAsencio — 33.87°S, 57.49°WAsencio — 32.66°S, 58.10°WAsencio — 34.53°S, 55.93°WAsencio — 33.06°S, 56.47°WAsencio — 33.63°S, 58.02°WAsencio — 33.72°S, 57.99°WAsencio — 33.22°S, 58.04°WAsencio — 33.12°S, 58.19°WAsencio — 32.19°S, 57.45°WAsencio — 33.00°S, 56.16°WAsencio — 32.64°S, 57.75°WAsencio — 31.93°S, 57.91°WAsencio — 33.05°S, 57.46°WAsencio — 32.39°S, 57.15°WAsencio — 32.11°S, 58.06°WAsencio — 33.86°S, 57.62°WBajo de la Carpa — 38.50°S, 68.71°WBajo de la Carpa — 39.63°S, 68.35°WBajo de la Carpa — 38.95°S, 68.23°WBajo de la Carpa — 39.73°S, 68.52°WBajo de la Carpa — 37.38°S, 68.90°WBajo de la Carpa — 38.18°S, 68.78°WBajo de la Carpa — 38.44°S, 68.73°WBajo de la Carpa — 37.61°S, 69.32°WMaevarano — 15.90°S, 46.58°EMaevarano — 15.93°S, 46.52°EMaevarano — 16.12°S, 45.74°EOjo Alamo — 36.31°N, 108.03°WOjo Alamo — 36.34°N, 108.10°WOjo Alamo — 36.17°N, 107.80°WOjo Alamo — 36.24°N, 108.89°WOjo Alamo — 36.27°N, 108.17°WPlottier — 36.94°S, 70.28°WPlottier — 37.39°S, 69.03°WPlottier — 37.06°S, 69.38°WPlottier — 37.38°S, 69.07°WPlottier — 39.30°S, 68.41°WJavelina — 29.40°N, 103.20°WJavelina — 29.46°N, 103.14°WJavelina — 29.34°N, 103.44°WJavelina — 29.41°N, 103.30°WJavelina — 29.58°N, 103.08°WJavelina — 29.46°N, 103.16°WDensuș-Ciula — 45.62°N, 22.78°EDensuș-Ciula — 45.62°N, 22.87°EMarília — 21.26°S, 48.52°WMarília — 18.89°S, 48.73°WMarília — 19.52°S, 49.47°WMarília — 19.58°S, 48.25°WMarília — 19.32°S, 48.11°WMarília — 18.86°S, 48.86°WMarília — 17.99°S, 51.05°WMarília — 18.34°S, 50.48°WMarília — 19.20°S, 49.77°WDinosaur Beds — 10.28°S, 34.03°ESînpetru — 45.55°N, 22.92°ESînpetru — 45.62°N, 22.78°ESînpetru — 45.49°N, 23.09°ESînpetru — 45.56°N, 22.92°EPortezuelo — 38.90°S, 69.55°WPortezuelo — 38.45°S, 68.72°WPortezuelo — 38.85°S, 68.58°WPortezuelo — 38.45°S, 68.79°WPortezuelo — 38.86°S, 68.73°WCerro Fortaleza — 49.85°S, 72.11°WCerro Fortaleza — 49.95°S, 72.09°WCerro Fortaleza — 49.88°S, 71.98°WCerro Fortaleza — 49.95°S, 72.05°WVillalba de la Sierra — 39.95°N, 2.02°WVillalba de la Sierra — 40.41°N, 2.70°WBajo Barreal — 45.32°S, 69.62°WBajo Barreal — 45.45°S, 69.22°WBajo Barreal — 46.72°S, 69.67°WBajo Barreal — 44.89°S, 69.39°WMarnes Rouges Inférieures — 42.91°N, 2.20°EMarnes Rouges Inférieures — 43.11°N, 2.90°EMarnes Rouges Inférieures — 42.93°N, 2.26°EEl Molino — 18.12°S, 65.75°WEl Molino — 19.01°S, 65.23°WEl Molino — 20.08°S, 65.25°WConques — 42.16°N, 0.97°EConques — 41.87°N, 0.88°EConques — 42.17°N, 0.91°EConques — 42.12°N, 1.05°WConques — 42.14°N, 0.98°EConques — 42.20°N, 1.81°EGrès à Reptiles — 43.35°N, 2.95°EGrès à Reptiles — 43.34°N, 2.91°EGrès à Reptiles — 43.60°N, 6.11°EGrès à Reptiles — 43.38°N, 2.92°E

Loading coastlines…

The named rock units Titanosauria has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 145 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 71 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Titanosauria and its relatives

Late Cretaceous

Where Titanosauria and its relatives were recorded in the Late Cretaceous.

Found in the same rock

830 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 632 sites for Titanosauria, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

421 references

Each of the 799 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 409 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Titanosauria

Credit
A Cynical Idealist
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Titanosauria was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itSomphospondyli through timeFormations of the Late CretaceousThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Bonaparte and Coria 1993