Apogonidae

Cardinalfishes are a family, Apogonidae, of ray-finned fishes found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans; they are chiefly marine, but some species are found in brackish water and a few are found in fresh water. A handful of species are kept in aquariums and are popular as small, peaceful, and colourful fish. The family includes about 370 species.

Apogonidae

Uncredited · CC BY-SA 1.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Also called
CardinalfishPBDB
Sits inside
ApogonoideiPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes

Time the record covers

At least 65 million years on record.

The record covers at least 66 Mya to 129 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 72.2 Mya to 0 Mya.

Late Cretaceous — about 4 of 111 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 1 of 111 occurrencesPaleoceneEocene — about 49 of 111 occurrencesEoceneOligocene — about 7 of 111 occurrencesOligoceneMiocene — about 35 of 111 occurrencesMiocenePliocene — about 9 of 111 occurrencesPleistocene — about 6 of 111 occurrences74–71 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences71–69 Mya — about 2 occurrences69–66 Mya — about 2 occurrences66–64 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences64–61 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences61–59 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences56–54 Mya — about 3 occurrences54–52 Mya — about 4 occurrences52–49 Mya — about 4 occurrences49–47 Mya — about 7 occurrences47–44 Mya — about 7 occurrences44–42 Mya — about 7 occurrences42–39 Mya — about 8 occurrences39–37 Mya — about 7 occurrences37–34 Mya — about 3 occurrences34–32 Mya — about 1.0 occurrences32–29 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences29–27 Mya — about 0.9 occurrences27–25 Mya — about 3 occurrences25–22 Mya — about 4 occurrences22–20 Mya — about 4 occurrences20–17 Mya — about 5 occurrences17–15 Mya — about 4 occurrences15–12 Mya — about 4 occurrences12–9.8 Mya — about 5 occurrences9.8–7.4 Mya — about 5 occurrences7.4–4.9 Mya — about 7 occurrences4.9–2.5 Mya — about 7 occurrences2.5–0 Mya — about 6 occurrences66 Mya129 ka74 Mya0 Mya

111 occurrences of Apogonidae on record, most of them in the Eocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

111 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

35 formations

Quilon — 8.81°N, 76.65°ESelsey — 50.80°N, 1.21°WMiretrain Marl — 43.57°N, 1.11°WGutingkeng — 23.00°N, 120.42°EGutingkeng — 22.84°N, 120.41°ENanggulan — 7.73°S, 110.18°ECook Mountain — 30.61°N, 96.57°WCook Mountain — 31.33°N, 95.52°WOnzole — 0.87°N, 79.89°WGatun — 9.36°N, 79.84°WEger — 47.90°N, 20.40°EChiusole — 45.54°N, 10.85°EHarudi — 23.52°N, 68.68°EFox Hills — 46.47°N, 99.58°WWaihao Greensand — 44.80°S, 170.96°ETapu — 24.96°N, 121.38°EAalter — 50.79°N, 2.78°EAalter — 51.19°N, 3.31°ELondon Clay — 50.83°N, 0.78°WBarton Clay — 51.02°N, 1.32°WElmore — 50.80°N, 1.21°WDomanda — 29.93°N, 70.12°EAlzey — 49.83°N, 7.72°ECantaure — 11.97°N, 70.02°WPorters Creek — 32.02°N, 87.42°WMonterey — 34.08°N, 118.17°WBowden — 17.88°N, 76.28°W

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The named rock units Apogonidae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 11 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 46 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Apogonidae and its relatives

Eocene

Where Apogonidae and its relatives were recorded in the Eocene.

Found in the same rock

1,889 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 73 sites for Apogonidae, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

51 references

Each of the 111 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 39 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Apogonidae

Credit
nobody named on the record
Licence
CC BY-SA 1.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan of Apogonidae was found in Sketchfab.

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itApogonoidei through timeFormations of the EoceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Bonaparte 1846