Cruziana

Cruziana is a trace fossil consisting of elongate, bilobed, approximately bilaterally symmetrical burrows, usually preserved along bedding planes, with a sculpture of repeated striations that are mostly oblique to the long dimension. It is found in marine and freshwater sediments. It first appears in upper Fortunian rocks of northern Iran and northern Norway. Cruziana has been extensively studied because it has uses in biostratigraphy, and because the traces can reveal many aspects of their makers' behavior.

A picture published with the record for Cruziana. What it shows has not been checked.

Uncredited · CC BY-SA 2.1 es · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
IchnofossilsPBDB

Time the record covers

At least 413 million years on record.

The record covers at least 538.8 Mya to 125.77 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 635 Mya to 121.4 Mya.

Cambrian — about 15 of 43 occurrencesCambrianOrdovician — about 17 of 43 occurrencesSilurian — about 2 of 43 occurrencesDevonian — about 2 of 43 occurrencesDevonianCarboniferous — about 1 of 43 occurrencesCarboniferousPermian — about 0 of 43 occurrencesEarly Triassic — about 0 of 43 occurrencesMiddle Triassic — about 2 of 43 occurrencesLate Triassic — about 0 of 43 occurrencesEarly Jurassic — about 0 of 43 occurrencesMiddle Jurassic — about 0 of 43 occurrencesLate Jurassic — about 1 of 43 occurrencesEarly Cretaceous — about 1 of 43 occurrences645–627 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences627–610 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences610–592 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences592–574 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences574–556 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences556–538 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences538–521 Mya — about 1 occurrence521–503 Mya — about 13 occurrences503–485 Mya — about 2 occurrences485–467 Mya — about 16 occurrences449–432 Mya — about 1 occurrence432–414 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences414–396 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences396–378 Mya — about 1 occurrence360–343 Mya — about 1 occurrence254–236 Mya — about 2 occurrences165–147 Mya — about 1 occurrence129–111 Mya — about 1 occurrence538.8 Mya125.77 Mya645 Mya111 Mya

43 occurrences of Cruziana on record, most of them in the Ordovician. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

43 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

29 formations

Beach — 47.63°N, 52.92°WBeach — 47.60°N, 52.97°WDominion — 47.66°N, 52.94°WMickwitzia Sandstone — 58.60°N, 13.35°EMickwitzia Sandstone — 58.62°N, 13.43°EPimenteira — 7.00°S, 42.00°WPimenteira — 7.08°S, 41.65°WOchre Cove — 47.66°N, 52.94°WOchre Cove — 47.63°N, 53.00°WIngta — 63.34°N, 128.63°WOcieseki Sandstone — 51.00°N, 20.00°ELaozai — 23.00°N, 104.00°EFile Haidar — 58.62°N, 13.77°EPuerto Blanco — 30.42°N, 111.93°WBuelna — 30.42°N, 111.93°WTal — 30.45°N, 78.08°EAcacus Sandstone — 24.97°N, 10.18°EStairway Sandstone — 25.50°S, 134.00°ESnowy Plains — 37.01°S, 146.22°EPioche — 40.64°N, 111.69°WKamieniec Shale — 50.90°N, 20.90°ERome — 36.13°N, 84.04°WLiegende Bankkalk — 48.12°N, 8.87°EChulaktau — 43.47°N, 69.87°EBarrios — 43.45°N, 5.05°WBaranów — 51.03°N, 20.87°EGrebes Nest Point — 47.64°N, 52.98°WKellys Island — 47.54°N, 53.01°W

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The named rock units Cruziana has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 5 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 1 occurrence has no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Cruziana and its relatives

Ordovician

Where Cruziana and its relatives were recorded in the Ordovician.

Found in the same rock

357 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 31 sites for Cruziana, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

24 references

Each of the 43 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 12 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content2

Picture of Cruziana

Credit
nobody named on the record
Licence
CC BY-SA 2.1 es
Commercial use
the licence allows it

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC Attribution
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

Smithsonian Open Access and MorphoSource were not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itIchnofossils through timeFormations of the OrdovicianThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. d'Orbigny 1842