Cystoidea

Cystoidea was defined as a class of extinct paleozoic blastozoan echinoderms established to encompass stalked taxa that were neither crinoids nor blastoids. It was shown to be polyphyletic in the late 1960s but continues to be used even in recent literature to discuss both rhombiferans and diploporitans.

Cystoidea

Ernst Haeckel · Public Domain · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
PelmatozoaPBDB
Diet
suspension feederPBDB
Life habit
low-level epifaunalPBDB
Motility
stationary, attachedPBDB
Environment
marinePBDB, for Echinodermata

Time the record covers

At least 99 million years on record.

The record covers at least 509.7 Mya to 410.62 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 515.3 Mya to 387.95 Mya.

Cambrian — about 9 of 60 occurrencesCambrianOrdovician — about 38 of 60 occurrencesOrdovicianSilurian — about 5 of 60 occurrencesSilurianDevonian — about 8 of 60 occurrencesDevonian518–513 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences513–509 Mya — about 0.7 occurrences509–505 Mya — about 2 occurrences505–500 Mya — about 2 occurrences500–496 Mya — about 2 occurrences496–491 Mya — about 1 occurrence491–487 Mya — about 1.0 occurrences487–483 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences483–478 Mya — about 1 occurrence478–474 Mya — about 3 occurrences474–469 Mya — about 6 occurrences469–465 Mya — about 3 occurrences465–460 Mya — about 3 occurrences460–456 Mya — about 5 occurrences456–452 Mya — about 3 occurrences452–447 Mya — about 4 occurrences447–443 Mya — about 10 occurrences434–430 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences430–425 Mya — about 1 occurrence425–421 Mya — about 3 occurrences421–416 Mya — about 2 occurrences416–412 Mya — about 2 occurrences412–407 Mya — about 2 occurrences407–403 Mya — about 1.0 occurrences403–399 Mya — about 1.0 occurrences399–394 Mya — about 1.0 occurrences394–390 Mya — about 0.3 occurrences390–385 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences509.7 Mya410.62 Mya518 Mya385 Mya

60 occurrences of Cystoidea on record, most of them in the Ordovician. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

60 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

28 formations

Wenallt — 51.83°N, 3.58°WBadger Flat — 36.93°N, 118.07°WShin Brook — 46.11°N, 68.61°WShin Brook — 46.19°N, 68.47°WShin Brook — 46.22°N, 68.39°WCampile — 53.44°N, 7.23°WCampile — 53.50°N, 7.17°WAntelope Valley — 38.05°N, 116.45°WTonoloway Limestone — 39.57°N, 76.84°WKeyser Limestone — 39.64°N, 77.66°WNolichucky — 36.75°N, 82.25°WNolichucky — 36.65°N, 82.18°WJince — 49.00°N, 14.00°ELenoir — 35.96°N, 83.92°WMount Ida — 36.77°S, 144.77°EExsulans Limestone — 55.05°N, 15.03°EKalby marl — 55.02°N, 14.92°EAndrarum Limestone — 55.02°N, 14.92°EDaleje-Trebotov — 49.92°N, 14.07°ETonoloway Limstone — 39.44°N, 78.97°WWhipple Cave — 38.91°N, 114.94°WKraluv Dvur — 50.00°N, 14.00°ENinemile — 39.00°N, 116.00°WChepultepec — 38.80°N, 78.55°WCystoid Limestone — 41.15°N, 1.18°WGuttenberg — 43.00°N, 91.00°WRead Bay — 74.83°N, 93.43°WFlorentine Valley Limestone — 42.72°S, 146.48°E

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The named rock units Cystoidea has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 4 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 13 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Cystoidea and its relatives

Ordovician

Where Cystoidea and its relatives were recorded in the Ordovician.

Found in the same rock

734 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 59 sites for Cystoidea, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

32 references

Each of the 60 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 20 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content1

Picture of Cystoidea

Credit
Ernst Haeckel
Licence
Public Domain
Commercial use
the licence allows it

No 3D scan was found. Smithsonian Open Access, MorphoSource and Sketchfab were all searched.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itPelmatozoa through timeFormations of the OrdovicianThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. von Buch 1846