Orthocerida

Orthocerida, from Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós), meaning "straight", and κέρας (kéras), meaning "horn", also known as the Michelinocerida, is an order of extinct orthoceratoid cephalopods that lived from the Early Ordovician to the Late Permian. While there has been some possible Late Triassic records for the order, although they have been reclassified as pseudorthocerids. The Eocene fossil Antarcticeras is sometimes considered a descendant of the orthocerids although this is disputed. They were most common however from the Ordovician to the Devonian.

Orthocerida

Nobu Tamura ( http://spinops.blogspot.com ) · CC BY 3.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
OrthoceratoideaPBDB
Diet
carnivorePBDB
Life habit
nektonicPBDB
Motility
actively mobilePBDB
Vision
well-developedPBDB, for Cephalopoda
Environment
marinePBDB

Time the record covers

At least 340 million years on record.

The record covers at least 483.4 Mya to 143.1 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 486.85 Mya to 137.05 Mya.

Cambrian — about 0 of 2468 occurrencesOrdovician — about 1251 of 2468 occurrencesOrdovicianSilurian — about 638 of 2468 occurrencesDevonian — about 330 of 2468 occurrencesDevonianCarboniferous — about 120 of 2468 occurrencesCarboniferousPermian — about 69 of 2468 occurrencesPermianEarly Triassic — about 14 of 2468 occurrencesMiddle Triassic — about 17 of 2468 occurrencesLate Triassic — about 26 of 2468 occurrencesLate TriassicEarly Jurassic — about 0 of 2468 occurrencesMiddle Jurassic — about 0 of 2468 occurrencesLate Jurassic — about 0 of 2468 occurrencesEarly Cretaceous — about 4 of 2468 occurrences494–482 Mya — about 13 occurrences482–470 Mya — about 95 occurrences470–457 Mya — about 295 occurrences457–445 Mya — about 804 occurrences445–433 Mya — about 186 occurrences433–421 Mya — about 443 occurrences421–409 Mya — about 156 occurrences409–397 Mya — about 60 occurrences397–385 Mya — about 96 occurrences385–373 Mya — about 49 occurrences373–360 Mya — about 17 occurrences360–348 Mya — about 9 occurrences348–336 Mya — about 16 occurrences336–324 Mya — about 42 occurrences324–312 Mya — about 16 occurrences312–300 Mya — about 37 occurrences300–288 Mya — about 11 occurrences288–276 Mya — about 5 occurrences276–263 Mya — about 29 occurrences263–251 Mya — about 28 occurrences251–239 Mya — about 29 occurrences239–227 Mya — about 20 occurrences227–215 Mya — about 4 occurrences215–203 Mya — about 3 occurrences154–142 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences142–130 Mya — about 3 occurrences483.4 Mya143.1 Mya494 Mya130 Mya

2,468 occurrences of Orthocerida on record, most of them in the Ordovician. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group, and the chart stops with its fossils rather than at the present. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

2,468 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

554 formations

Fluminimaggiore — 39.43°N, 8.50°EFluminimaggiore — 39.32°N, 8.53°EFluminimaggiore — 39.50°N, 8.50°EFluminimaggiore — 39.32°N, 8.65°EBaota — 33.00°N, 111.00°EBaota — 29.00°N, 109.00°EBaota — 28.00°N, 107.00°EBaota — 29.00°N, 107.00°EBaota — 32.00°N, 105.00°EBaota — 27.00°N, 107.00°EBaota — 28.00°N, 109.00°EBaota — 32.00°N, 108.00°EBaota — 28.00°N, 105.00°EBaota — 32.00°N, 106.00°EBaota — 29.00°N, 110.00°EBaota — 29.00°N, 111.00°EBaota — 30.00°N, 111.00°EBaota — 31.00°N, 111.00°EBaota — 27.00°N, 101.00°EBaota — 32.00°N, 118.00°EBaota — 31.00°N, 117.00°EBaota — 30.00°N, 116.00°EBaota — 33.00°N, 106.00°EBaota — 33.00°N, 108.00°EBaota — 32.00°N, 119.00°EBaota — 31.00°N, 121.00°EBaota — 32.00°N, 100.00°EDunleith — 43.00°N, 91.00°WOverton — 52.48°N, 2.63°WBoda Limestone — 60.97°N, 15.43°EBoda Limestone — 61.17°N, 14.71°EBoda Limestone — 61.05°N, 15.20°EBoda Limestone — 60.97°N, 15.13°ERacine — 43.04°N, 87.91°WRacine — 43.05°N, 88.01°WRacine — 42.73°N, 87.78°WRacine — 42.88°N, 88.04°WRacine — 41.85°N, 87.65°WShan Majiagou — 39.67°N, 118.26°EShan Majiagou — 39.00°N, 118.00°EShan Majiagou — 36.00°N, 114.00°EShan Majiagou — 38.00°N, 111.00°EShan Majiagou — 38.00°N, 114.00°EShan Majiagou — 36.00°N, 113.00°EShan Majiagou — 36.00°N, 112.00°EShan Majiagou — 40.00°N, 112.00°EShan Majiagou — 40.00°N, 123.00°EShan Majiagou — 35.00°N, 112.00°ESkaneateles — 42.80°N, 76.69°WSkaneateles — 42.90°N, 76.47°WSkaneateles — 42.95°N, 76.43°WSkaneateles — 42.94°N, 76.25°WSkaneateles — 42.93°N, 75.99°WSkaneateles — 42.86°N, 76.15°WSkaneateles — 42.86°N, 76.14°WSkaneateles — 42.86°N, 75.89°WSkaneateles — 42.97°N, 76.44°WSkaneateles — 42.98°N, 76.34°WSkaneateles — 42.87°N, 75.56°WSkaneateles — 42.85°N, 75.58°WSkaneateles — 42.87°N, 77.88°WSkaneateles — 42.81°N, 76.81°WWaynesville — 39.45°N, 83.83°WWaynesville — 39.44°N, 84.20°WWaynesville — 39.42°N, 85.01°WWaynesville — 39.00°N, 84.00°WWaynesville — 39.53°N, 84.08°WWaynesville — 39.38°N, 84.08°WWaynesville — 39.41°N, 83.98°WMaquoketa — 42.01°N, 91.64°WMaquoketa — 43.28°N, 91.37°WMaquoketa — 45.00°N, 93.00°WMaquoketa — 43.00°N, 92.00°WPozary — 49.93°N, 14.18°EPozary — 50.08°N, 14.47°EPozary — 49.90°N, 14.02°EPozary — 49.93°N, 14.13°EPozary — 50.03°N, 14.32°EPozary — 49.15°N, 13.57°EGeneseo — 42.67°N, 75.59°WGeneseo — 42.65°N, 75.44°WGeneseo — 42.62°N, 75.41°WGeneseo — 42.53°N, 74.93°WGeneseo — 42.50°N, 74.78°WGeneseo — 42.63°N, 75.46°WGeneseo — 42.56°N, 75.34°WGeneseo — 42.51°N, 74.68°WGuniutan — 33.00°N, 111.00°EGuniutan — 29.00°N, 110.00°EGuniutan — 30.00°N, 111.00°EGuniutan — 31.00°N, 111.00°EGuniutan — 30.00°N, 117.00°EGuniutan — 32.00°N, 119.00°ECrown Point — 44.62°N, 73.42°WCrown Point — 44.03°N, 73.42°WCrown Point — 44.86°N, 73.39°WCrown Point — 44.87°N, 73.48°WCrown Point — 44.17°N, 73.25°WValcour — 44.89°N, 73.44°WValcour — 44.62°N, 73.42°WValcour — 44.87°N, 73.48°WVasalemma — 59.24°N, 24.29°EVasalemma — 59.23°N, 24.23°EXia Majiagou — 40.00°N, 118.00°EXia Majiagou — 39.00°N, 118.00°EXia Majiagou — 39.00°N, 115.00°EXia Majiagou — 41.00°N, 118.00°EXia Majiagou — 38.00°N, 113.00°EXia Majiagou — 40.00°N, 123.00°EXia Majiagou — 42.00°N, 126.00°EGydo — 33.30°S, 21.83°EGydo — 33.52°S, 24.74°EGydo — 33.33°S, 19.37°EGydo — 33.31°S, 22.43°EGydo — 34.01°S, 23.46°EKullsberg — 61.05°N, 15.20°EKullsberg — 60.92°N, 15.10°EWhitewater — 39.42°N, 85.01°WWhitewater — 39.00°N, 84.00°WWhitewater — 38.00°N, 85.50°WWhitewater — 38.60°N, 85.28°WLudlowville — 42.96°N, 78.13°WLudlowville — 42.83°N, 77.84°WLudlowville — 42.80°N, 77.27°WLudlowville — 42.78°N, 76.99°WLudlowville — 42.85°N, 78.64°WLudlowville — 42.85°N, 78.37°WLudlowville — 43.00°N, 79.00°WLudlowville — 42.87°N, 75.71°WIrondequoit — 43.12°N, 79.07°WIrondequoit — 43.18°N, 78.72°WIrondequoit — 43.20°N, 77.62°WIrondequoit — 43.23°N, 77.21°WIrondequoit — 43.23°N, 76.98°WIrondequoit — 43.21°N, 76.88°WIrondequoit — 43.24°N, 76.80°WIrondequoit — 43.26°N, 76.70°WJupiter — 49.20°N, 61.74°WJupiter — 49.51°N, 63.63°WJupiter — 49.22°N, 62.40°WJupiter — 49.25°N, 63.04°WJupiter — 49.28°N, 63.22°WJupiter — 49.50°N, 63.00°WJupiter — 49.45°N, 63.41°WJupiter — 49.13°N, 62.50°WDawan — 33.00°N, 111.00°EDawan — 27.00°N, 108.00°EDawan — 28.00°N, 109.00°EDawan — 29.00°N, 110.00°EDawan — 30.00°N, 111.00°EDawan — 31.00°N, 111.00°EDawan — 27.00°N, 101.00°EDawan — 32.00°N, 119.00°E

Loading coastlines…

The named rock units Orthocerida has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 530 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 425 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Orthocerida and its relatives

Ordovician

Where Orthocerida and its relatives were recorded in the Ordovician.

Found in the same rock

2,392 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records at least 1,168 sites for Orthocerida, and this reads 240 of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

449 references

Each of the 2,468 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 437 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content2

Picture of Orthocerida

Credit
Nobu Tamura ( http://spinops.blogspot.com )
Licence
CC BY 3.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC Attribution
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itOrthoceratoidea through timeFormations of the OrdovicianThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Kuhn 1940