Pongo pygmaeus
The Bornean orangutan is an orangutan species endemic to the island of Borneo. It belongs to the only genus of great apes native to Asia and is the largest of the three Pongo species. It has a coarse, reddish coat and up to 1.5 m long arms. It is sexually dimorphic — males are larger than females and develop large cheek pads (flanges).

Nanosanchez · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.
On record
Recorded, not inferred- Also called
- Bornean orangutanPBDB
- Sits inside
- PongoPBDB
- Diet
- frugivore, folivorePBDB, for Pongo
- Life habit
- arborealPBDB, for Pongo
- Motility
- actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
- Environment
- terrestrialPBDB, for Eutheria
- Mass
- 1.73 kgWikidata
Time the record covers
At most 2.6 million years on record.
Every occurrence read is dated to somewhere between 2.58 Mya and 11.7 ka, and nothing in the dating separates them, so that window is what the record shows rather than a span.
12 occurrences of Pongo pygmaeus on record, most of them in the Pleistocene. The Paleobiology Database records this as a living group. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.
When
12 occurrences- Pleistocene100%
These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.
Pongo pygmaeus and its relatives
PleistoceneWhere Pongo pygmaeus and its relatives were recorded in the Pleistocene.
Found in the same rock
147 taxa- Macaca6 sites
- Panthera tigris5 sites
- Rhinoceros sinensis5 sites
- Stegodon insignis5 sites
- Sus scrofa5 sites
- Ailuropoda melanoleuca4 sites
- Arctonyx collaris4 sites
- Hystrix4 sites
- Muntiacus muntjak4 sites
- Tapirus (Megatapirus) augustus4 sites
- Ursus malayanus4 sites
- Ursus thibetanus4 sites
- Bubalus bubalis3 sites
- Capricornis sumatraensis3 sites
- Cervus unicolor3 sites
- Cuon3 sites
- Elephas maximus3 sites
- Homo3 sites
- Mus3 sites
- Panthera pardus3 sites
- Paradoxurus hermaphroditus3 sites
- Rattus3 sites
- Rhinoceros sondaicus3 sites
- Sus3 sites
The Paleobiology Database records 12 sites for Pongo pygmaeus, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.
This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.
Entered from
7 references- A review of the Pleistocene hominoid fauna of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (excluding Hylobatidae)6
- The Middle Pleistocene mammalian fauna from Tam Hang karstic deposit, northern Laos: New data and evolutionary hypothesis1
- Geochronology of Ailuropoda–Stegodon fauna and Gigantopithecus in Guangxi Province, southern China1
- The Late Neogene elephantoid-bearing faunas of Indonesia and their palaeozoogeographic implications. A study of the terrestrial faunal succession of Sulawesi, Flores and Java, including evidence for early hominid dispersal east of Wallace's Line1
- Extension of the geographic distribution of the giant panda (Ailuropoda) and search for the reasons for its progressive disappearance in Southeast Asia during the Latest Middle Pleistocene1
- A diverse hominoid fauna from the late middle Pleistocene breccia cave of Tham Khuyen, Socialist Republic of Vietnam1
- First discovery of Megalovis guangxiensis and Alligator cf. sinensis in Guangdong1
Each of the 12 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.
Media and terms
Media content3
Picture of Pongo pygmaeus
- Source
- Wikipedia/Commons
- Credit
- Nanosanchez
- Licence
- CC BY-SA 4.0
- Commercial use
- the licence allows it
CT scan
- Source
- MorphoSource
- Credit
- AMNH Mammal Collections
- Licence
- not stated by the source
- Commercial use
- cannot be read from the licence given — check the record
- Specimen
- Pongo pygmaeus · AMNH:Mammals:M-28253
3D model
- Source
- Sketchfab
- Credit
- APEX UniLaSalle
- Licence
- CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
- Commercial use
- the licence does not allow it
Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.
The description on this site
- Licence
- CC BY-SA 4.0
This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.
Keep going
What may have been alongside itPongo through timeFormations of the PleistoceneThe world it lived on
Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. (Linnaeus 1760)