Spinosauridae

Spinosauridae is a clade or family of tetanuran theropod dinosaurs comprising ten to seventeen known genera. Spinosaurid fossils have been recovered worldwide, including Africa, Europe, South America, and Asia. Their remains have generally been attributed to the Early to Late Cretaceous.

Spinosauridae

User:ケラトプスユウタ Kabacchi User:Hello!mrsax Mike Bowler · CC BY 2.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
MegalosauroideaPBDB
Diet
carnivorePBDB, for Theropoda
Life habit
ground dwelling, solitaryPBDB, for Theropoda
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Theropoda
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Theropoda

Time the record covers

At least 81 million years on record.

The record covers at least 165.3 Mya to 83.6 Mya. No occurrence read is dated outside 168.2 Mya to 66 Mya.

Middle Jurassic — about 1 of 172 occurrencesMiddle JurassicLate Jurassic — about 4 of 172 occurrencesLate JurassicEarly Cretaceous — about 120 of 172 occurrencesEarly CretaceousLate Cretaceous — about 47 of 172 occurrencesLate CretaceousPaleocene — about 0 of 172 occurrences170–167 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences167–163 Mya — about 0.5 occurrences163–160 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences160–156 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences156–153 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences153–149 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences149–145 Mya — about 2 occurrences145–142 Mya — about 1 occurrence142–138 Mya — about 1 occurrence138–135 Mya — about 5 occurrences135–131 Mya — about 5 occurrences131–128 Mya — about 5 occurrences128–124 Mya — about 22 occurrences124–121 Mya — about 37 occurrences121–117 Mya — about 12 occurrences117–114 Mya — about 12 occurrences114–110 Mya — about 7 occurrences110–106 Mya — about 3 occurrences106–103 Mya — about 6 occurrences103–99 Mya — about 12 occurrences99–96 Mya — about 23 occurrences96–92 Mya — about 13 occurrences92–89 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences85–82 Mya — about 0.4 occurrences82–78 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences78–75 Mya — about 0.8 occurrences75–71 Mya — about 0.6 occurrences71–67 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences67–64 Mya — about 0.1 occurrences165.3 Mya83.6 Mya170 Mya64 Mya

172 occurrences of Spinosauridae on record, most of them in the Early Cretaceous. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

172 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

52 formations

Sao Khua — 16.70°N, 102.25°ESao Khua — 16.68°N, 103.57°ESao Khua — 16.43°N, 104.09°ESao Khua — 16.89°N, 104.08°ESao Khua — 16.80°N, 103.68°ESao Khua — 16.86°N, 104.48°ESao Khua — 17.07°N, 104.16°ESao Khua — 11.56°N, 102.59°ESao Khua — 17.10°N, 102.49°EArcillas de Morella — 40.49°N, 0.42°EArcillas de Morella — 40.63°N, 0.10°WArcillas de Morella — 40.58°N, 0.22°WArcillas de Morella — 40.58°N, 0.03°EIfezouane — 31.53°N, 4.67°WIfezouane — 31.51°N, 4.08°WIfezouane — 30.88°N, 3.86°WIfezouane — 31.61°N, 4.30°WIfezouane — 31.59°N, 4.18°WIfezouane — 30.79°N, 4.28°WAïn el Guettar — 33.17°N, 10.26°EAïn el Guettar — 32.82°N, 10.25°EAïn el Guettar — 33.12°N, 10.27°EEl Castellar — 40.58°N, 0.69°WEl Castellar — 40.67°N, 0.70°WEl Castellar — 40.62°N, 0.84°WEl Castellar — 40.46°N, 0.74°WKhok Kruat — 16.43°N, 102.83°EKhok Kruat — 15.23°N, 104.86°EKhok Kruat — 16.23°N, 102.42°EKhok Kruat — 16.60°N, 103.52°EKhok Kruat — 16.54°N, 102.85°EKhok Kruat — 15.76°N, 101.77°EXinlong — 22.64°N, 107.91°EXinlong — 22.80°N, 108.36°EXinlong — 22.37°N, 107.99°EGara Sbaa — 30.51°N, 4.84°WGara Sbaa — 30.90°N, 3.87°WBlesa — 40.95°N, 0.77°WBlesa — 40.85°N, 0.63°WDouira — 31.57°N, 4.20°WDouira — 31.62°N, 4.27°WRomualdo — 7.22°S, 39.27°WRomualdo — 7.18°S, 39.73°WElrhaz — 16.47°N, 9.17°EElrhaz — 16.42°N, 9.10°EWessex — 50.67°N, 1.14°WWessex — 50.65°N, 1.46°WWessex — 50.64°N, 1.43°WAlcântara — 2.48°S, 44.46°WCamarillas — 40.65°N, 0.88°WCamarillas — 40.61°N, 0.75°WPinilla de los Moros — 42.02°N, 3.25°WPinilla de los Moros — 42.15°N, 3.17°WPinilla de los Moros — 42.30°N, 3.64°WPinilla de los Moros — 42.02°N, 3.29°WBaharîje — 28.43°N, 28.91°ECastrillo de la Reina — 42.02°N, 3.40°WCastrillo de la Reina — 42.04°N, 3.31°WCastrillo de la Reina — 41.93°N, 3.24°WWadhurst Clay — 50.94°N, 0.61°EWadhurst Clay — 50.86°N, 0.44°EEchkar — 17.93°N, 5.62°EEchkar — 16.28°N, 10.53°EPapo Seco — 38.42°N, 9.21°WWeald Clay — 51.13°N, 0.35°WWeald Clay — 51.13°N, 0.43°EMirambel — 40.75°N, 0.41°WMirambel — 40.71°N, 0.42°WQuseir — 25.62°N, 29.29°EQuseir — 25.49°N, 29.52°E

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The named rock units Spinosauridae has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 28 further formations hold fewer occurrences each and are not listed. 22 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Spinosauridae and its relatives

Early Cretaceous

Where Spinosauridae and its relatives were recorded in the Early Cretaceous.

Found in the same rock

620 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 152 sites for Spinosauridae, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

116 references

Each of the 172 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 104 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content3

Picture of Spinosauridae

Credit
User:ケラトプスユウタ Kabacchi User:Hello!mrsax Mike Bowler
Licence
CC BY 2.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

CT scan

Licence
In Copyright
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record
Specimen
Spinosauridae indet. · UFSCar:LPP-PV-0042

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Credit
GHZ
Licence
CC Attribution
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itMegalosauroidea through timeFormations of the Early CretaceousThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Stromer 1915