Arctodus

Arctodus is an extinct genus of short-faced bears that inhabited North America during the Pleistocene. The two recognized species are the lesser short-faced bear and the giant short-faced bear. Of these species, A. simus was larger, is known from more complete remains, and is considered one of the best-known members of North America's extinct Ice Age megafauna. A. pristinus was largely restricted to the Early Pleistocene of the eastern United States, whereas A. simus had a broader range, with most finds being from the Late Pleistocene of the United States, Mexico and Canada. A. simus evolved from A. pristinus, but both species likely overlapped in the Middle Pleistocene. Both species are relatively rare in the fossil record.

Arctodus

Jonathan Chen · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikipedia/Commons. May be a photograph of a specimen, or an artist’s reconstruction — an interpretation of a skeleton, since colour and soft tissue are almost never preserved.

On record

Recorded, not inferred
Sits inside
ArctotheriiniPBDB
Diet
herbivore, carnivorePBDB, for Ursidae
Life habit
ground dwellingPBDB, for Ursidae
Motility
actively mobilePBDB, for Osteichthyes
Environment
terrestrialPBDB, for Eutheria
Length
3 mWikidata
Mass
600 kgWikidata

Time the record covers

At least 1.6 million years on record.

The record covers at least 1.8 Mya to 129 ka. No occurrence read is dated outside 4.7 Mya to 0 Mya.

Pliocene — about 3 of 71 occurrencesPliocenePleistocene — about 68 of 71 occurrencesPleistoceneHolocene — about 0 of 71 occurrences4.9–4.7 Mya — about 0.0 occurrences4.7–4.5 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences4.5–4.3 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences4.3–4.2 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences4.2–4.0 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences4.0–3.8 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences3.8–3.6 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences3.6–3.5 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences3.5–3.3 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences3.3–3.1 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences3.1–2.9 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences2.9–2.8 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences2.8–2.6 Mya — about 0.2 occurrences2.6–2.4 Mya — about 1 occurrence2.4–2.3 Mya — about 1 occurrence2.3–2.1 Mya — about 1 occurrence2.1–1.9 Mya — about 1 occurrence1.9–1.7 Mya — about 1 occurrence1.7–1.6 Mya — about 1 occurrence1.6–1.4 Mya — about 2 occurrences1.4–1.2 Mya — about 4 occurrences1.2–1.0 Mya — about 4 occurrences1.0–867 ka Mya — about 4 occurrences867 ka–693 ka Mya — about 4 occurrences693 ka–520 ka Mya — about 4 occurrences520 ka–347 ka Mya — about 4 occurrences347 ka–173 ka Mya — about 3 occurrences173 ka–0 Mya — about 32 occurrences1.8 Mya129 ka5.2 Mya0 Mya

71 occurrences of Arctodus on record, most of them in the Pleistocene. Bar height is expected occurrences, not a count: each fossil is spread across the span it is dated to, so a tall narrow bar means tight dating and a low wide one means loose.

When

71 occurrences

These are dates about fossils, not the animal: the record can only begin after it arose and end before it died out, so either end may reach further. Shares are expected occurrences: a fossil dated to a span is counted partly in each period it straddles. More on what this infers.

Found in

20 formations

Bermont — 28.80°N, 82.20°WBermont — 27.70°N, 82.50°WBermont — 27.00°N, 82.20°WWando — 33.22°N, 79.98°WWando — 32.88°N, 80.10°WGila Conglomerate — 32.58°N, 109.48°WTamiami — 27.30°N, 80.80°WPalm Spring — 32.90°N, 117.10°WOcotillo — 32.90°N, 117.10°W"unnamed sandstone" — 33.90°N, 117.00°WManix — 34.80°N, 117.00°WTacubaya — 21.80°N, 102.30°WChapala — 20.30°N, 103.20°WSan Timoteo — 33.90°N, 117.00°WTurlock Lake — 37.06°N, 120.20°WTule — 34.51°N, 101.41°WAmerican Falls Lake Bed E — 42.80°N, 112.90°WFloral — 50.80°N, 103.90°WKingsdown — 37.20°N, 100.30°WLadson — 33.03°N, 80.13°WShuler — 32.71°N, 96.71°WBacons Castle — 38.16°N, 76.83°WCanepatch — 33.68°N, 78.88°W

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The named rock units Arctodus has been recovered from, largest first. Drawn where the rock is now, not where it formed. 46 occurrences have no formation on record, which is common for older literature.

Arctodus and its relatives

Pleistocene

Where Arctodus and its relatives were recorded in the Pleistocene.

Found in the same rock

1,001 taxa

The Paleobiology Database records 69 sites for Arctodus, and this reads all of them. The number is how many of those sites it was catalogued from too. The 24 sharing the most are listed.

This is not a list of everything alive at the time. It is only what has come out of the same ground as this animal and been written down.

Entered from

57 references

Each of the 71 occurrences read was entered from one of these publications, ordered by how many each accounts for. This is not a search for papers mentioning the name. 45 further references are not listed. Entries link to doi.org where the Paleobiology Database holds an identifier, and to its own record where it does not. Relayed as the Paleobiology Database holds them, not checked against what they resolve to.

Media and terms

Media content3

Picture of Arctodus

Credit
Jonathan Chen
Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0
Commercial use
the licence allows it

Laser scan

Licence
In Copyright
Commercial use
cannot be read from the licence given — check the record
Specimen
Arctodus simum · AMNH:FM:8222

3D model

Source
Sketchfab
Licence
CC Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs
Commercial use
the licence does not allow it

Smithsonian Open Access was not reached for this taxon, so this list is what the others held rather than everything there is.

The description on this site

Licence
CC BY-SA 4.0

This is what the site found, which is not the same as what exists.

Keep going

What may have been alongside itArctotheriini through timeFormations of the PleistoceneThe world it lived on

Occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, CC BY 4.0. Leidy 1854